President Franklin Delano Roosevelt - A Great Leader Essay

Historians and scholars have often debated the success and failures of Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency since 1945. A number of scholars argue that he created jobs, boosted the economy, and helped America get back onto the road of becoming a great nation. On the other hand, it can be argued that his plans and ideas to create jobs only lasted for the short term and his acts created long-term problems. This paper will discuss Roosevelt’s life, his reforms, and both the positive or negative outcome those actions had on America. However, it must be stated, for the struggles America was going through, and the perseverance they held to triumph over their trials, was in part due to Roosevelt’s boundless leadership as president. Franklin Delano†¦show more content†¦Foreshadowing how FDR would be in his presidency while tough times hit at every angle. During his life he followed after his distant cousin, Theodore Roosevelt, and entered into the political and economic scene. He won a Senate seat for the New York Senate in 1910 and was reelected again in 1912. During his second term as a senator he Woodrow Wilson named Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy, under Josephus Daniels. â€Å"Roosevelt worked to expand the Navy and founded the United States Navy Reserve.† (Roosevelt, Franklin Delano). He served in that position for seven years and it prepared him for what he would face in his later years. Contrary to his cousin, Roosevelt chose to be a Democrat. In this democratic position he was chosen to be the nominee for Vice President with James Cox in 1920 going against Harding. He was defeated by a long shot, but like other trials in his life he persevered. In 1928 Governor Alfred E. Smith arranged Roosevelt to get his governor position. Almost thirteen years later Franklin Roosevelt was named the 32nd president of the U nited States of America. After 63 years, on April 12, 1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt left his full, content life. The president’s legacy is most known for taking on the country at the lowermost point, economically, in U.S. history. The Great Depression had made factories close, over 13,000,000 unemployed; workers were laid off in enormous amounts and people were in panic. The roaring twenties world wasShow MoreRelatedFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was our nations thirty second president. Unlike all the other presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first amendment, handled the attack on PearlRead MoreAnalysis Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Life And Education1717 Words   |  7 PagesBody of Research Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.†(Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been bornRead MoreThe Legacy Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt872 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Three Presidents dominate American history: George Washington, who founded the country; Abraham Lincoln, who preserved it; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who rescued it from economic collapse and led it to victory in the greatest war of all time.†(Smith XI). Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the only President to serve four terms and had two great, important crisis in his presidency. He truly was a great lea der, because he gave the people a sense of security during an era of distress. Although winningRead MoreBook Review on Fdr Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesMeagan Beckwith U.S History 1302 23 June 2013 Professor Wooten Book Review on Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States. While being president he was trying to lead our country through a time of economic depression and total war. Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most important leaders of the 20th century. Alan Brinkley, the author of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, wrote this biography in order to show Roosevelt’s life from childhood to presidencyRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesAfter taking this class and learning about leadership I think that there are many qualities to leadership. I believe an effective leader should demonstrate teamwork, integrity, compassion, respect, good communication skills, the ability to listen to others, have the ability to delegate, have confidence, initiative, a positive attitude, be creative, have self-discipline, be responsible, have courage, charisma, character, competence, passion, problem solving skills, and most of all, be teachable. TheseRead MoreFranklin Dela no Roosevelt s Life And Education1592 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.†(Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been born to a rich familyRead MoreLife and Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt1112 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt once said,â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself†(BrainyQuote). Being the 32nd president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was one of the most successful and most liked United States presidents of all time. When Roosevelt was on campaign for presidency he promised to help the economy and the needy. Being in the midsts of the Great Depression, his promise to get people and the economy back on their feet greatly helped him achieve office(Burns). During his presidency, RooseveltRead MoreThe Legacy Of Franklin D. Roosevelt1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking about our 32nd president of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He’s one of America’s greatest presidents who accomplished more than we could have hoped for. A man of few words citizens would say, yet each word was a something to remember. I believe that he was in fact the most effective president the US has had so far. This president was the most precise, straightforward president; he got what was needed to get the job done. He did what no other president would have been able toRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt s Accomplishments1215 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt is usually thought of as one of the United States’ most impactful presidents. Whether Roosevelt s accomplishm ents were truly great or his effectiveness was just a product of the time-period in which he served as President is still debated. However, one thing that no one can deny is that Roosevelt took a different route to becoming the leader of our nation. Whether he was coping with the death of a loved one or fighting an illness, Roosevelt never strayed from the path thatRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt And The First President Of The United States Of America1351 Words   |  6 Pageswe have to fear is fear itself.† These famous words were spoken by Franklin Delano Roosevelt who was the thirty second president of The United States of America. He served four terms as president (March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945) and was a major leader in the allied powers during World War II without him the allied powers might not have been able to win the war He helped the american people regain faith in themselves during the great depression and brought them through most of World War II. Even with

Home Assignment on Whole Foods Market - 3430 Words

Home assignment on Whole Foods Market 1. Related products Whole Foods Market only sells products that meet its self-created quality standards for being natural, which the store defines as: minimally processed foods that are free of hydrogenated fats as well as artificial flavors, colors, sweeteners, preservatives and products that are listed on their online Unacceptable Food Ingredients list. Whole Foods Market has also announced that it does not intend to sell meat or milk from cloned animals or their offspring, even though the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has ruled them safe to eat. The company also sells many USDA-certified organic foods and products that aim to be environmentally friendly and ecologically†¦show more content†¦They support what their consumers do. And then there is the political segment, which is the â€Å"†¦arena in which organizations and interest groups compete for attention, resources, and a voice in overseeing the body of laws and regulations guiding the interactions among nations† (H itt). This segment is very important to Whole Foods, as well as any other organic food retailer. It is important because all products have to pass FDA approval, if not then there goes waste of time and money. Whole Foods Market has been able to understand this segment, and by doing so has created their own policies when processing foods. This action not only adds creditability, but also assures that government regulations will be followed thoroughly. 3. In which industry does WFM compete and what are the dominant characteristics of this industry? The organic and natural food industry is a relatively large and popular one that continues to grow with every passing day. In the organic industry the â€Å"†¦range of competitors include chain and independent supermarkets; mass merchandisers and super centers; convenience stores; wholesale clubs; restaurants and fast food chains; natural food stores; local farmers’ markets, and internet grocers† (Lytel). Global growth of organic agriculture has gained much popularity, which continues to accumulate attention. The reason for that is simple, it is because this industry†¦ â€Å"†¦can be a profitable, sustainable business for those producers interested inShow MoreRelatedComparing Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s1345 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s For our case assignment, we decided to compare two grocery stores popular in the NYC area: Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s. 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When I looked up my neighborhood though it did show Livermore, a city that is about a five or less minute drive from me having a few low income spotsRead MoreMission Statement Analysis1128 Words   |  5 PagesMission Statement and Code of Ethics For this assignment I choose to look at two companies I am currently working for. I have been with these companies for a few years and I have worked in different positions within the companies. I feel I have a sense of how they are managed and can compare my experiences with them to their goals of the mission statements and code of ethics. The Home Depot Mission Statement The first company is The Home Depot. After reading the mission statement I feel thatRead MoreThe Company Whole Foods Market1560 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual assignment, I chose the company Whole Foods Market (WFM) which deals in selling products that are organic and fresh to its customers. WFM was founded by John Mackey and Renee Lawson Hardy, owners of Safer Way Natural Foods, and Craig Weller and Mark Skiles, owners of Clarksville Natural Grocery in Austin, Texas where the original store opened in 1980 and consisted of a staff of only 19 people. WFM was founded because those four local businesspeople decided the natural foods industry wasRead MoreManagement Of International Mobility1352 Words   |  6 PagesThis model identifies that management of international mobility entails the need to take a holistic approach to all aspects of the assignment process. (Sparrow, Brewster and Harris, 2004) However, although the model has its advantages in terms of pre-assignment preparatio n, some of the stages however do bring about some complexities for IM managers as outlined for by (Sparrow, Brewster and Harris, 2004) Selection- the need for precise recruitment and selection is needed; IM managers need to payRead MoreMarketing Case Study on Starbucks Coffee Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesGalVal Instructor: Mr Tom Wall Section #: _25___ Assignment #2: Actual Case Study - Starbucks Coffee 1. The main or primary product that Starbucks sells or distributes is coffee beverages but, according to this article or company analysis, it also now offers a whole line of complementary products - from sandwiches to CDs! Yet essentially, Starbucks product was the de- velopment of the ultimate, out of home (OOH) coffee-drinking experience; also referred to as theRead MoreA Report On The Restaurant Group Plc1742 Words   |  7 PagesCoventry University – London Campus M002LON Sustainable Strategy Assignment: Formative Assessment Name: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quynh Student ID: 5963386 Tutor: Jon Kitto Submission date: Word count: Executive Summary: Introduction: The Restaurant Group plc (â€Å"TRG† or â€Å"the Group†) is the leading British chain of restaurant, which were originally founded in 1987 with the establishment of Garfunkel’s chain of restaurants. During the period of time from 1987 to 2014, the Group operates overRead MoreNew Product Development1020 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness in the country. For the last decade, the frozen pizza market was growing the fastest within the entire US frozen food industry, reporting at a rate of 29,2% between 1995 and 2000. 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They have been striving to make changes to increase market shares as well as trying to dominate a global fast food industry by competing in the products, places, prices, and promotions they offerRead MoreField Assignment1404 Words   |  6 PagesOlivia Gorena MRKT 1001- Field Assignment #1 1. (a) Find mission statements for three of your favorite companies or consumer brands. Explain how the mission statement for each gives a strategic direction. Explore the strengths and weaknesses of each and make recommendations how these can be streamlined to give better understanding. (b) Create a mission statement for your own career. Explain how this will help you in the job market. 1. Favorite Companies/ Brands i. Tofurky

Sexual Abuse 2 Essay Example For Students

Sexual Abuse 2 Essay Sexual abuse plagues people of all shapes, sizes, ethnicitys, and backgrounds. It can include anything from making a sexual reference, to someone feeling uncomfortable and even rape. In this project, we will break down the different types of sexual abuse and explain why they occur all over the world, every single day. First it is best to define the most violent kind of sexual abuse, which is rape. Rape is the forceful or non-forceful attempt or action of a sexual act done to a person, without their consent. Rape is a non-consensual penile penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth. Rape can also be described as sexual intercourse with a person, without their permission. Rape is accomplished by use of force by the assailant. Force can consist of many different things. It may refer to the use of verbal coercion, in order to coax the victim into sexual acts. It could also refer to actual physical restraint, in which the victim is restrained and unable to resist. Other examples of force are intimidation by verbal and physical threats, and in some cases, actual physical violence. These acts of force make it very difficult to a victim to resist sexual abuse such as rape. We will write a custom essay on Sexual Abuse 2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are many myths that try to justify rape as a normal sexual act. One myth is that rape is actually just sex. In fact, rape is a life-threatening act of violence. The rapist is never expressing a love or sexual desire; instead a need to feel powerful and dominating in a sexual context, is displayed. Another myth or stereotype about rape, is that most rapes occur on the street, by strangers or by drunken or out of control men. The fact is that fifty percent of rapes occur in the home. About eighty percent of the adult women that are raped are done so by close family or friends, not by strangers. Rapists can be anyone, from doctors, teachers, and bosses, to a partner, a friend, or even a date. Sexual assault is one of the most serious and fastest growing crimes that face the world today. The National Victim Center reports that over seven hundred thousand women are raped or sexually assaulted annually. Sixty one percent of these rapes occur with women under the age of eighteen. Five percent of sexual assaults are inflicted upon males. Usually this statistic is not recognized and more often overlooked, because many people generalize that males are usually the abusers, and even if they werent, many males dont even report their incidents. According to Keith Lewandowski, Rape can be justified in many ways. For instance, After dating or spending money on a girl, or the girl is sexually experienced, one would expect sex. In fact, no rape or sexual abuse can be justified. The act of rape is immoral and does not respect another persons personal integrity. Drugs and alcohol can play a large role in the occurrences of rapes and sexual abuses. As statistics show, seventy three percent of the abusers involved in rapes, and fifty three percent of the victims, had used drugs or alcohol to stimulate their minds, before the assault occurred. These acts of drug use help to cause the victims to be disoriented and it prevents them from resisting. There are many effects of an act of rape or sexual assault. The psychological effects can include post-traumatic stress syndrome, and rape trauma syndrome, which can be identified by constant fear and being timid, helplessness, guilt, humiliation and depression, anger, and also embarrassment, among many other things. Victims of rape also tend to shy away from intimate relationships for fear of a reoccurrence of their traumatic experiences. There are also physical effects of these immoral acts. A victim may experience sexual dysfunction, a contraction of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (such as Aids and Herpes), and other obvious effects such as bleeding, abrasions, cuts, and death, if the assault is severe enough. .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .postImageUrl , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:hover , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:visited , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:active { border:0!important; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:active , .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012 .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u563194d4f9ebbc23db1fbc85d5e4f012:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Madina Collection Of Islamic Art At The Lacma EssayThere are many support programs, clubs, and treatment centers for rape survivors. These are places where victims can openly discuss their traumatic experiences and try to get over them as a group. A few support programs in Massachusetts are the New England Learning Center for Women in Transition and the Rape Crisis Center in Central Mass. There are thousands of centers around the country to help these unfortunate victims of another persons immorality that helps these people to cope with the burden of rape trauma. Another version of Sexual Abuse, is Sexual harassment. Sexual Harassment is a form of unlawful sex discrimination. According to the law, sexual harassment is unwanted verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature that happens while working or in an educational setting. This behavior is illegal if it creates an environment that is hostile or intimidating, or if it interferes with a persons work or school performance. Many countries, like the United States, also recognize this act as being distracting, and harmful, and they also have laws prohibiting these acts. Sexual harassment often has harmful effects on the victims performance at work or school, also like those of rape and sexual assault. Both the quantity and the quality of work may suffer, as well as the employees or students attitude, attendance, and ability to work with other people, for they experience a lack of comfort. Harassment can also harm the victims psychological and physical health. One study found ninety six percent of sexual harassment victims suffer from emotional distress, and thirty five percent of the victims experience physical problems. Typical symptoms include anger, fear, anxiety, lowered self-esteem, depression, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, nausea, fatigue, headaches, and weight gain or loss. Men, like in rape cases, also are victims of sexual harassment, although studies show that women are more likely to experience this. These are only a few types of sexual abuse that are very present in our world today. Most of these crimes are results of desires and lack of morals, experienced by a number of people. These people do not recognize everyones God given rights to be treated with respect and dignity. Because of these disregards for morals, innocent people can often find themselves falling victim to such occurrences. Hopefully, in the future, people will start to recognize and respect others as human beings, and the numbers of sexual abuse crimes will fall.

The Truth About Thanksgiving Essays - Plymouth, Massachusetts

The Truth About Thanksgiving The truth behind the tradition is surprising. Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims seem to go together, but the truth is, the Pilgrims never held an autumnal Thanksgiving feast. However the Pilgrims did have a feast in 1621, after their first harvest, and it is this feast, which people often refer to as The First Thanksgiving. This feast was never repeated, though, so it can't be called the beginning of a tradition, nor was it termed by the colonists or Pilgrims a Thanksgiving Feast. In fact, a day of thanksgiving was a day of prayer and fasting, and would have been held any time that they felt an extra day of thanks was called for. Nevertheless, the 1621 feast has become a model that we think of for our own Thanksgiving. The Pilgrims were not the first people to have a celebration of this kind. Many other civilizations held festivals to celebrate the harvest. The ancient Greeks and Romans prayed to the gods and goddesses of the harvest, and also originated the idea of the cornucopia--the h orn of plenty. The Jews celebrate the holiday Sukkot, which honors the awards of the harvest, and the Chinese enjoy the celebration of the Harvest Moon. Even native New Yorkers commemorate the harvest long before Thanksgiving arrives. Pumpkins, apples and corn are abundant in the open-air markets of the city beginning in late September. The autumn of 1621 yielded a plentiful harvest and the Pilgrims, gathered together with the Massasoit Indians to reap the awards of hard work. Celebrating Thanksgiving is like celebrating an even that includes the dead of over 11,000 Wampanoag Indians died due to illnesses that they contracted from white settlers. The truth of the matter is, when the Pilgrims arrived, they found an abandoned Wampanoag village and moved right in. In 1618, a massive epidemic of an unknown disease left by English explorers swept across Wampanoag country and decimated many of the villages. This epidemic caused the death of ten to thirty percent of the total population an d all but a few of the 2,000 people of the village of Patuxet. When the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, they landed at Patuxet with no idea of what had occurred. At this point, there were only about 2,000 members left in the Wampanoag tribe, down from 12,000 in 1600. Despite the incredible losses to his people, Wampanoag leader Massasoit and 90 of his men sat down for a harvest celebration offered by the white men. For three days the Wampanoag and Pilgrims feasted on deer, wild turkey, fish, beans, squash, corn and other foods native to North America. Although the celebration was good-natured, this event truly signifies the beginning of a drastic decline of native culture and Thanksgiving would be more fittingly observed as a day of mourning rather than a celebration. In the years that followed, skirmishes occurred and more Native Americans were killed. In 1637, English soldiers massacred 700 Pequot men, women and children as an example of the English way of war, yet we still celebrate Th anksgiving as a joyful event. So, as we sit down for our Thanksgiving dinner, let us consider the words of Frank James in his 1970 speech: Today is a time of celebrating for you... but it is not a time of celebrating for me. It is with a heavy heart that I look back upon what happened to my people. When the Pilgrims arrived, we, the Wampanoags, welcomed them with open arms, little knowing that it was the beginning of the end. American History

The Roadmap of Aging Essays - Ageing, Gerontology, Old Age

The Roadmap of Aging Essays - Ageing, Gerontology, Old Age Ian J. Wharton HIST 4003- Aging in World History March 10th 2016 The Roadmap of Aging In The Journey of Life by Thomas Cole and "Old Age and the Search for Security, An American Social History" by Carole Haber and Brian Gratton the theme is the roadmap of aging. Both books deal with the concept of aging with some solid opinions on it. On one end Cole speaks on the attitude of aging being deficient while Gratton and Haber seek to challenge the viewpoint of aging. The attitudes during the Calvinist era, the health movement, the evangelical Victoria era and also the Scientific era are all highlighted throughout Cole's reading. While Haber and Gratton speak on wealth, the structures of families, retirement and welfare throughout the preindustrial era, industrial era and the era of social security. To begin, we first need to understand the definition of "old". Webster's dictionary defines old having lived for a long time or no longer young. Now from that definition being old is just something that's apart of life. Cole goes in depth on what "growing old" is all about and how both scientific and medical aspects have brought about change but a bit of "cultural disenfranchisement-a loss of meaning and vital social roles." "Symbolic and cultural improvishment" the eventual drop into poverty is the way that Cole feels old age should be viewed. Not only that but the world we live in sometimes is only focused on how we grow old in the first place. There is a central point in Cole's logic though: That we change our views on aging by melding present and even past ideas. By doing that we then can give the definition of old age more substance rather than it being a sickness. Always in life mindsets can change, which happened quite frequently in aging. The Calvinist era foundation was on the idea of Calvinism which is "the Protestant theological system of John Calvin which develops Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination." People who believed in Calvinism saw God as not only unpredictable but omnipotent. So the belief was that we can't comprehend what aging is and it should be viewed as a mystery because "God has predetermined the timing and manner of each individual's death". The elderly was highly respected by the Calvinists and aging was viewed as a sacred pilgrimage to God. Both old age and long life were viewed as "God's gifts" rather than rewards for good behavior. Secondly, the viewpoint during the Victorian era went against the Calvinist views of aging being unpredictable. "Individual property and longevity as a reward for proper behavior" was what they believed life was to people. In order to be fully equipped for adulthood it was a must to avoid things like gluttony, luxury and idleness to stay on the straight positive path of success. An aging body and eventual death were viewed as punishment for sin and basically was the blueprint of death. However, the belief that "religion is something to do, not something to wait on" made the big difference between the Victorian era and Calvinism. This time period shows that people wanted to make sure they were apart of their religion rather than waiting for the inevitable. The health movement ironically saw everyone as healthy and if they were not healthy the reason behind it was because they violated natural laws. To add, living for a long time was what anyone should strive for and crave to have for themselves. Ever present today these same ideas of taking care of yourself and having a positive attitude is what the health movement focused on because if it was not done anyone can "quickly fall into sickness or bankruptcy". The scientific era caused hostility and a huge shift of opinions pertaining to aging. "Religious belief was reduced to a minor technique of medical therapeutics". The reason behind it was that of the ideas of reformers that believed that life can be controlled and health can be maintained. This was extremely different from that of other opinions that God had control over life and just caused a lot of division to take place. Now the shift goes

Word Choice Altar vs. Alter - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Altar vs. Alter - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Altar vs. Alter One little letter can make a very big difference sometimes, so it is important to make sure you know the difference between similarly spelled words which nevertheless have dissimilar meanings. In the case of altar and alter, for instance, the contrast couldn’t be much bigger! Whilst alter is a commonly used verb in English, altar is a noun which should only be used in a very specific context. Mixing these words up can therefore seriously impact upon the quality of your written work. So to help out we’ve thrown together this guide on how to use them. Alter (Modify) Alter is a verb which means â€Å"change† or â€Å"modify.† Thus if you are looking to describe an adjustment or change that something has undergone, use the word alter: After his sister forgave him, William decided to alter his will to include her. Altar (A Ceremonial Table) Altar, on the other hand, is a noun which refers to a table or raised surface used in religious ceremonies, including the Christian Eucharist. For example: The congregation faced the altar as they awaited Holy Communion. The word altar is also sometimes seen in the idiom â€Å"to sacrifice X on the altar of X.† This means to give up or neglect something in favor something else. Usually this is used in a negative way, such as: John sacrificed his family life on the altar of his career. The above relies upon the religious meaning of altar, metaphorically suggesting that John has failed to fulfill his family duties by sacrificing them in favor his work. Alter or Altar? It is quite easy to remember which of â€Å"alter† or â€Å"altar† to use in any given situation. Just keep the following in mind: Alter (verb) = Change Altar (noun) = A ceremonial table If you’re looking for a word meaning â€Å"change† or â€Å"modify,† it will always be a verb you need. As such, â€Å"alter† is the term you’re after. The noun â€Å"altar,† meanwhile, will usually only be applicable if you’re describing a religious ceremony of some kind. For further advice on vocabulary in your writing, you will find plenty of helpful tips in the word choice archive section of our academic blog. And to make sure that the spelling, grammar and vocabulary in your work are perfect, Proofed’s professional proofreaders provide a comprehensive range of proofreading and formatting services.

Gas turbine science Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gas turbine science - Coursework Example .. 3 2.1.2 Compressor †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2.1.3 Combustion chamber †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.1.4 Turbine †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.1.5 Exhaust nozzle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.2 Turbofan Theory †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2.2.1 Fluid mechanics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2.2.2 Thermodynamics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Works Cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Gas Turbine Design One of the technological leaps in the history of science that led us to a wide spectrum of newer prospects of energy production and transportation was that of the gas turbines engines or what we simply call gas turbines. Today, they have developed into more efficient and dependable machines and have surpassed other types of mechanical prime movers, such as internal combustion engines, both in efficiency and mechanical robustness. The aim of this report is to explore the design ideas and scientific and thermodynamic principles that have helped us develop these valuable machines. Our study will revolve around the design of a turbofan that is a type of gas turbine engine commonly used in airplanes and energy production. 1. The Turbofan Turbofan is a type of gas turbine engine that itself is a common type of air-breathing engine. In order to understand its design, its construction and the function of its important components should be understood. The important parts of a turbofan are as follows: 1. Inlet 2. Compressor 3. Combustor 4. Turbine 5. Exhaust nozzle Figure 1 shows the location of each of these components in a turbofan. To understand the importance and function of every component mentioned above, we will briefly describe the working principle of a turbofan. 1.1 Gas Turbine Operation The operation of an air breathing engine can be understood by looking at the path of the air through the engine and the temperature and pressure variations that it undergoes. Figure 1: Turbofan (2-spool) schematic. (Turbofan) Air from the atmosphere is received by the engine through its inlet and is di vided into bypass stream and the engine core stream. The fan along with the compressor increases the pressure of the air in order to enable a greater air mass flow rate through the engine core, which in turn in required for efficient fuel combustion and the production of sufficient thrust. The compressed air from the compressor is brought into the combustor – or the combustion chamber – where a fine stream of fuel is added into the compressed air and ignited using a flame torch setup. The temperature of the air rises substantially during combustion and as it tends to expand, it is directed towards the turbine which uses the energy of this very hot air to drive the compressor. The rest of the energy gained by the air makes it expel the exhaust nozzle at a high speed and provides the thrust required to accelerate the plane. 2. Design issues of the turbofan Having looked into the operation and role of every component in it, we can classify the design problems of a turbofa n into two categories: 1. Aerodynamics 2. Theory or Science Now we will delve deeper into these modes of design separately and identify the design complexities and the solutions that have been proposed to them. 2.1 Turbofan Aerodynamics

World civilizations in eighteenth century Term Paper

World civilizations in eighteenth century - Term Paper Example Therefore the workforce required for agriculture decreased and this led to a migration of this workforce to the field of industry, which in turn led to the industrial revolution. Before the industrial revolution, goods were manufactured using basic hand tools or machines in homes. The introduction of powered machinery that could mass produce goods in factories, led to the need for new markets for these goods, as well as new means of transportation to carry them. Mechanization of the textile industry coupled with improved techniques for making iron, and the invention of the steam engine, that revolutionized the transport system, in turn led to improved systems of trade and finance. Engines and machines that could do away with the physical labor of man, besides cutting down the time taken to accomplish it was a blessing indeed! Britain was the first to begin mechanized spinning and weaving because she was blessed with the moist weather conditions that helped in this industry. Besides, the fast moving streams supplied hydropower for these mills. As the economy moved from manual to machine based manufacturing, the manufacturing time was slashed and new markets were needed for these goods. The mechanization of spinning was followed in quick succession by the development of techniques for making iron. The introduction of the steam engine was the final triumph that revolutionized the transport system and increased the use of refined coal to power these steam engines. Britain being an island nation, her ports enabled her to trade in these goods and at this time Britain indeed ruled the waves. The efforts of British entrepreneurs were rewarded due to the fact that they had a large and ready market for their goods. Growing trade and commerce in... This paper shows that the thinkers wanted to bring about changes in society through the promotion of education and scientific thinking. In some European countries, a system of government called â€Å"Enlightened Despotism† came into being. Later, we are shown the need to feed the growing population, which led to a transformation in agricultural systems like improved machinery, scientific methods of breeding and introduction of new crops and crop rotation. Throughout the paper, we are given more and more information on the introduction of powered machinery that could mass produce goods in factories, led to the need for new markets for these goods, as well as new means of transportation to carry them. This paper also focuses on trade. Trade systems were dominated by those who held sway over the seas, and expansion of trade depended on the acquisition of colonies and the superiority of naval power. Swiftly from trade, the paper talks about the banking. For example, the Bank of En gland that worked as a government bank as well as a commercial operation, led to the setting up of a number of private banks throughout the country. In conclusion, we see that this industrial revolution transformed the lives of people in every stratum of British, European and American society. Building on the ideas of enlightenment of thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau, the eighteenth century saw the overthrow of despotic rule through the American and French revolutions and sowed the seeds of many more such upheavals in the centuries that followed.

Welfare to Work Midterm Essay Example for Free

Welfare to Work Midterm Essay 1. President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) P.L. 104-193 on August 22, 1996. What are the basis and implications of this law? On August 22, 1996, President William Jefferson Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) (P.L. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105) into law, thus fulfilling his campaign promise to end welfare as we know it. The PRWORA changed both the substance and administration of the national welfare system. The act eliminated the prior welfare system, which had been attacked for decades by policy-makers, the press, and the public for increasing government spending while making the poor dependent on government charity. The stated purposes of the PRWORA were to reduce welfare dependency and out-of-wedlock births and to encourage the formation of two-parent families. In line with these goals, the PRWORA required welfare recipients to work within two years of receiving assistance, and it put a five-year lifetime limit on the receipt of benefits. It also ended the entitlement status of welfare benefits. In addition, the act made other, less publicized changes to several social welfare programs, both restricting the availability of benefits (making it harder for disabled children to qualify for assistance, limiting eligibility for food stamps, denying welfare benefits to most legal immigrants) and strengthening programs that aid children (reorganizing and increasing funding for child care, toughening the enforcement of rules for child support). In addition to the acts primary emphasis on putting welfare recipients to work, the PRWORA also radically altered the way government delivers welfare benefits in three important ways: (1) Increased role of states. To fund welfare the PRWORA provided the states with fixed block grants called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) to fund welfare, totaling $16.5 billion annually over six years. Congress also included a provision in the act that would result in TANF funding cuts if the states failed to move a required percentage of recipients into the workforce and off welfare. Nevertheless, TANF gave states extensive discretion to design and operate their own programs. This transfer of authority from the federal government to the states is called devolution. Under devolution, states have many choices to make in shaping their welfare policiesncluding being more stringent than federal law requires. For instance, some states have chosen to limit the receipt of benefits to less than five years, to cut benefits to families with truant children, or to mandate that parents take parenting classes. (2) Increased role of local entities. The PRWORA allowed states to devolve their authority even further to counties, local governments, or even private entities. The private entities involved in welfare administration include a wide range of for-profit companies, nonprofit companies, and religious groups. As a result, welfare programs vary widely not only from state to state but also within local jurisdictions. This transfer of authority to private providers, an approach called privatization, has raised questions about accountability. In other words, some critics argue that PWROWA has made it more difficult for the government to oversee programs so as to ensure quality service to recipients. The accountability of for-profit entities is of particular concern, because the incentive to earn profits can lessen the quality of services provided. Critics also charge that privatization may cause private providers to lose their independent character as they become increasingly bureaucratic and reliant on government funding. In addition, there has been sharp debate over whether religious groups should receive government funding for delivering social services. Opponents charge that this violates the separation between church and state. Proponents hold that a spiritual approach to the delivery of social services is more effective than secular approaches. (3) Changes in the role of welfare workers. The work-first emphasis of the PRWORA has dramatically changed the role of front-line workers, those low-level welfare office workers who interact directly with welfare clients. Before the PRWORA, front-line workers focused on two tasks: (1) verifying whether applicants met objective criteria to become eligible for assistance, and (2) issuing checks in a timely manner. By contrast, under the PRWORA these front-line workers must perform a variety of tasks, including evaluation and counseling, designed to put people to work. As a result, they have a much bigger say in decisions affecting applicants than they had previously 2. What is the relationship between Aide to Families with Dependent Children AFDC) and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program (JOBS)? 3. What is the difference, if any, between Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Welfare-to-Work Grant Programs? Explain in detail. PRWORA replaced AFDC with TANF and ended entitlement to cash assistance for low-income families, meaning that some families may be denied aid even if they are eligible. Under TANF, states have broad discretion to determine who is eligible for benefits and services. In general states must use funds to serve families with children, with the only exceptions related to efforts to reduce non-marital childbearing and promote marriage. States cannot use TANF funds to assist most legal immigrants until they have been in the country for at least 5 years. TANF sets forth the following work requirements in order to qualify for benefits: 1. Recipients (with few exceptions) must work as soon as they are job ready or no later than two years after coming on assistance. 2. Single parents are required to participate in work activities for at least 30 hours per week. Two-parent families must participate in work activities 35 or 55 hours a week, depending upon circumstances. 3. Failure to participate in work requirements can result in a reduction or termination of benefits to the family. 4. States, in fiscal year 2004, have to ensure that 50 percent of all families and 90 percent of two-parent families are participating in work activities. If a state meets these goals without restricting eligibility, it can receive a caseload reduction credit. This credit reduces the minimum participation rates the state must achieve to continue receiving federal funding. While states are given more flexibility in the design and implementation of public assistance, they must do so within various provisions of the law: 1. Provide assistance to needy families so that children may be cared for in their own homes or in the homes of relatives; 2. end the dependence of needy parents on government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; 3. prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and establish annual numerical goals for preventing and reducing the incidence of these pregnancies; 4. and encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. Funding for TANF underwent several changes from its predecessor, AFDC. Under AFDC, states provided cash assistance to families with children, and the federal government paid half or more of all program costs. Federal spending was provided to states on an open-ended basis, meaning that funding was tied to the number of caseloads. Federal law mandated that states provide some level of cash assistance to eligible poor families but states had broad discretion in setting the benefit levels. Under TANF, states qualify for block grants. The funding for these block grants are fixed and the amount each state receives is based on the level of federal contributions to the state for the AFDC program in 1994. States are required to maintain their spending for wel fare programs at 80 percent of their 1994 spending levels, with a reduction to 75 percent if states meet other work-participation requirements. States have greater flexibility in deciding how they spend funds as long as they meet the provisions of TANF described above. Welfare recipients and certain non-custodial parents are going to work, gaining job skills, and receiving the temporary help they need to become economically independent through local initiatives supported by Welfare-to-Work grants from the U.S. Department of Labor. These outcomes have been a primary goal of Federal welfare policy since the enactment of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Act which ended welfare as an entitlement and set lifetime limits on an individual’s benefits. Additional welfare reform legislation in 1997 authorized the Department of Labor to provide Welfare-to-Work grants to help the hardest-to-employ, long-term welfare recipients get education, training, work experience, and private-sector jobs. These grants to States and communities are intended to provide welfare recipients with training, transitional employ ment, job placement services, and support services. Local communities have the flexibility to design programs that fit their particular needs. Approximately three-fourths of the $3 billion authorized for Welfare-to-Work was allocated to States on the basis of their poverty populations; the States are required to spend $1 of non- Federal funding for every $2 in Federal funds. Nearly one-fourth of the total funds were awarded competitively to local governments, private industry councils, or community-based organizations; 1 percent of the funds was awarded to Indian tribes, and 0.8 percent was set aside for evaluation. The Welfare-to-Work Initiative evolves to meet society’s needs, even though virtually all of the grant funds had been distributed by the end of 1999. At least 70 percent of grant funds were required to be spent on services to long-term recipients of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and non-custodial parents. The remainder could be spent on TANF recipients who have characteristics associated with long-term welfare dependency, youth who have received foster-care services, and custodial parents with incomes below the poverty line. Eligibility criteria were simplified under the Welfare-to-Work and Child Support Amendments of 1999. Under related programs, Work Opportunity and Welfare-to-Work tax credits provide 4. How are the Welfare-to-Work Programs being carried out in the State of Mississippi? Temporary Assistance for Needy Families provides cash benefits to families once they have been approved for the program. The benefits can be used for any legal personal reason, such as rent, food, child care or medical bills. The benefit amount is determined by a familys monthly income and the size. In Mississippi, if a familys income does not meet the standard of need used for eligibility, the state itself may supply benefits. In 2011, the maximum state allowance for needy families was $110 per month for the first person in the program, $36 for the second and $24 for every additional person. Time Limit The federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act imposed new time limits for TANF. No state can offer benefits for longer than the federal limit, although they may be extended under certain circumstances for a limited time. Mississippi uses the federal guideline for TANF benefits, although the time limit in some other states is shorter. TANF participants in Mississippi cannot receive help for more than 60 months, or five years. Eligibility Not all needy individuals qualify for TANF. Only families with children may apply, and the children must be deprived of one or both of their parents because of unemployment, absence or inability to perform their parental duties. In 2011, the family cannot exceed a maximum monthly income level or hold more than $2,000 in assets, such as real estate or cash. Mississippi rules also require that any parent or relative caretaker who takes TANF money because one or more of the parents are absent must assign support rights to the state and aid the state in obtaining child support payments from the absent parent, which may require legally establishing paternity. Work Requirements All adults who participate in Mississippis TANF program must meet the work requirements or lose their benefits. There are exceptions for women who are in their third trimester of pregnancy and have complications. You also do not have to meet the work requirements if you are the victim of domestic violence, in treatment for substance abuse, disabled, elderly or caring for a disabled household member or child under 12 months of age. Participants have 25 months to meet all work requirements before losing benefits. The program does help participants with skills assessments, developing an Employability Development Plan and job training. Vocational education, work experience programs, community service and job searches qualify as work activities for TANF. 5. â€Å"Promoting marriage and helping those with substance abuse were the secondary goals of the reform.† Referring to the US Welfare Reform in 1996, how was secondary goals achieved? In conjunction with supporting work, new policies deny assistance to people who do not work. The work requirements in TANF are stricter than those in AFDC, fewer recipients are exempted from them, and failure to comply with them can lead to financial sanctions. In addition, PRWORA limits nonworking able-bodied adults without dependents to three months of food stamps, and state General Assistance programs have declined. States have done less to achieve welfare reforms family structure goals—encouraging marriage, reducing the number of births outside of marriage, and keeping children in their own homes or the homes of relatives—than they have to promote work (chapter 3). Many states make TANF available on a fairly equal basis to families with single and with married parents, which reverses a longstanding bias in the welfare system against serving two-parent families and thereby possibly discouraging marriage. Twenty states have adopted family caps that deny additional benefits to adults who have children while they are on welfare. Another PRWORA provision strengthens the child support system, with the federal government developing a data registry to facilitate collections from working noncustodial parents, states being required to adopt new child support enforcement tools, and individual welfare recipients facing sanctions if they fail to cooperate with the child support system. 6. How successful was the 1996 Welfare Reform? Declining Welfare Demand In 1994, about 5.1 million families were receiving cash assistance from the government. Most beneficiaries have since been forced to leave the welfare rolls for low-paying jobs, following the 1996 welfare reforms. By 2006, USA Today estimates that 1 million more had been removed either because of failure to follow state rules, or they had depleted all the benefits allowed under time limits. At the 10th anniversary of the PRWORA, only about 1.9 million families were getting cash benefits: 38 percent were blacks, 33 percent were white and 24 percent were Hispanic. Between 1994 and 2004, the welfare caseload recorded an unprecedented decline of 60 percent. Working Single Mothers Of the families on welfare in 2006, unmarried women headed three out of four. However, statistics indicate earnings for the poorest 40 percent of single mother households doubled between 1996 and 2006. Statistics also revealed that about 60 percent of adults leaving welfare were employed at any given moment, according to the Brookings Institution, and that over several months, about 80 percent held at least one job. Rising Income Levels Between 1993 and 2000, the percentage of low-income single mothers with a job grew from 58 percent to nearly 75 percent, an increase of almost 30 percent, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This was a direct result of welfare reforms. The overall income of low-income families increased by more than 25 percent over the period, and by 2006, child poverty fell significantly. According to the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, welfare reforms have succeeded mainly because the presumption of government assistance as an entitlement has been reversed. The Knowledge Gap The University of Michigan argues that research on welfare reforms is too focused on poverty reduction rates, lower out-of-wedlock childbearing and greater family stability, while overlooking spousal abuse and child neglect. The university argues that poverty levels remain high among single mothers and their children and that welfare recipient faced impediments to stable employment. Similarly, the Employment Policies Institute suggests more research must be conducted in an effort to understand the relationship between minimum wages and welfare recipiency. The minimum wage research data is currently more focused on high school dropouts, with only limited attention paid to poor adults.

Pearl Harbor And How It Came About :: American America History

Pearl Harbor And How It Came About By the year 1941, WWII was in full effect. Germany seemed to be the victor, gaining control of France and Poland as well as successfully bombing England. Many people believe that Germany would have indeed won the war if not for the intervention of the United States. Because of the horror Americans had witnessed in WWI, the United States did not originally want to get involved in the conflict. In the early morning of December 7th, 1941 all that changed when the Japanese air fleet scattered in the Pacific Ocean bombed Pearl Harbor. In September of 1940 Japan entered in alliance with Germany and Italy. The Japanese were in need of natural resources found in Southeast Asian countries newly conquered by Germany. Around the same time in the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to halt German and Japanese expansion but was urged by other government officials to leave the situation as it was. Japan feared America's reaction to their plans to seize Southeast Asia, yet did not let that fear get in their way. Japan completed their control of Indochina by seizing the southern half. The American government answered back by placing an embargo on oil shipments heading for Japan. The Japanese viewed this as an act of war, for they knew their military and industrial forces would not last long with out oil. The United States tried to resolve their differences with Japan, throughout 1941. Demands on each side were quite simple. The Japanese wanted the embargo lifted and permission to attempt an attack on China. The U.S. exclaimed they would only lift the embargo if Japan ceased its aggression towards China. The two powers refused to compromise and a war seemed inevitable. America realized Japan would not budge and strategically place military forces in the Pacific Ocean in preparation for a pending war. In fact, the most crucial element of American defense was the U.S. Pacific Fleet. With war looming the Pacific Fleet was moved to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on April 2nd , 1940. Pearl Harbor seemed to be the perfect place to rest the fleet. Situated between the Marshall Islands, where the Japanese fleet gathered and the west coast of America. The fleet wasn't supposed to stay in the harbor very long yet because of events in Europe, President Roosevelt felt if the fleet was left in the harbor it would diminish the possibility of a Japanese attack on the U.

Avalon Destorying

A sense of belonging Is what all teenagers seek out wealth high school. Destroying Valor by Kate MacAfee takes us through the Journey of the main character Valor, her move to a new school and her struggle to make friends. All the characters within the novel seem to be struggling for a sense of belonging, making it a strong theme of the novel.Valor, Jukes and Alice are the three main characters who all face with the dilemma of belonging and being accepted. In regards to Valor it is her need to progress forward socially which only ends when she develops a strong sense of belonging in the Z group. However with Jukes the desire to belong never ends, her cyber bullying campaign is only a means for her to gain a sense of belonging with her online followers.Alice on the other hand has to maintain her position and sense of longing always following the example of the other girls In her group by bulling the students below her socially. It Is through Valor that the need to belong and be accepte d Is first presented. Valor within the novel moves from a place where she Is â€Å"captain of the hockey team and member of the swimming squad† to a school where she is stuck in the Z group of â€Å"Queers and Weirdoes†. She is constantly in the beginning of the novel trying to get out of the bottom group so that she no longer has toBullying is a problem that seems to have become more vicious with the invention of social networking technology. The novel Destroying Valor by Kate MacAfee explores the theme of cyber bullying and its consequences through the character Marshall. Marshall Is the best friends of the main character in the novel, Valor; It Is she who Is Initially cyber bullied however the focus shifts to Marshal during the novel. Marshall, who Is confused about his sexuality, Is unable to cope with the bullying and In the end

Initial Public Offerings Essay

An Initial Public Offering or IPO is the very first offering of a firms’ stock or shares on the stock market, when the firm â€Å"goes public† (Business Dictionary.com, 2014). Not all businesses should or need to take this route. In the following paragraphs we will describe an initial public offering for a global firm, along with certain roles, pricing issues, risks, and foreign exchanges. When most businesses start up, they are privately held. This means that the company is only owned by a few people and do not have shares. It is not cheap or easy for a company to become publicly traded. In some cases the benefits of going public outweigh the costs of going public. There are several benefits that come with going public such as, a higher valuation, greater liquidity in public markets, and greater access to capital, attract top talent by enabling the company to grant stock options or restricted stock awards, growth, and grab the attention of other companies. Also before a company goes public, they must meet basic financial requirements, depending on the exchange the company will be listed in. These exchanges are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ Global Select Market, and S&P 500. When a company is getting ready to go public, it must find investment bankers to invest into the business. Investment bankers must have sales and distribution capabilities needed for a successful execution of the IPO, and can provide strong analyst coverage once you go public. The investment bankers that are chosen must fit personality-wise, have good research and analyst coverage, knowledge and understanding of the business and the industry, and whether that bank has brought other companies public in this sector (Wasserman, 2010, How to prepare a Company for an IPO). When a company is getting ready to issue stock, there are risks to the company when offering securities (stock). This is when an underwriter steps in. An underwriter offers to take some of   the risk of the offering in exchange for a premium. They buy the securities from the issuer and then turn around to sell them on the stock market. The issuer gets cash up front instead of waiting to sell stock on their own. The company knows that they are not getting full market value but they no longer have the risk of having to find enough buyers to purchase the stock at a desirable price (Boundless, 2014, underwriters). Underwriters do not mind this deal because they can sell the stock at a higher price and make a profit. The originating house is an investment brokerage firm or several investment bankers joined together to manage the underwriting and sale of a new issue of stock to the general public (US Legal Definitions, 2014, Originating house). A syndicate is a temporary association of investment bankers brought together for the purpose of selling securities; also called a purchase group (allbusiness.com, 2014, Syndicate). One of the investment bankers in this group, usually from the originating house, is selected to manage the syndicate. There are two types of underwriting syndicates, divided and undivided. In a divided account, the liability of each member investment banker is limited in terms of participation. Once a member sells the securities assigned, that investment banker has no additional liability regardless of whether or not the other members are able to sell their portion of the security or not. In an undivided account, each member is liable for unsold securities up to the amount of its percentage participation irrespective of the number of securities that investment banker has sold. Most syndicates are based on the undivided account arrangement (allbusiness.com, 2014, Syndicate). When the pricing of the issue or putting a starting price on shares of stock occurs, IPO investors, the issuer’s board of directors and the underwriters will set a price at which the company and any selling stockholders will agree to sell shares to the underwriters at closing. The pricing usually occurs after the close of the markets on the final day of the road show; the stock will begin trading on the exchange on a â€Å"when issued† basis the next morning (Wasserman, 2010, inc.com). The company that issues the shares controls the IPO process along with the underwriters. The SEC does not regulate business IPO share and how many they use or how shareholders they have. There are only a limited numbers of broker-dealers most of the underwriters hit investors of wealth because they can buy lager blocks of IPO’s shares and can hold the investors  for long team. Some ricks in public offering losing the company to investors and the public. Going public you must share all information such as financial reporting and how the company is ran. By going public the company gives up all information to the SEC, the shareholders and, public. A discussion of any foreign exchange risks the company can face with your ideas about how to mitigate them†¦ One risk would be for the investors how because when exporting or importing the product the changes in currency exchange rate and the investor may lose money on the investment or could gain on the investment also, to do converted back into the current currency. Also the company could lose lots of money in other countries but, the risk may out way the bad for investors and the company. Investors like taking risk and if they believe it will out way the bad then they will take the risk to mitigate the company. In conclusion, not all companies can afford or meet all of the special requirements to become an IPO. Sometimes it is not necessary for companies to become IPOs. If you are a company considering going public, check into all the options and all of the requirements needed for the market in which you will be listed. The choice is up to you and all others involved in the decision. References All Business. (2014). Syndicate Definition. Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/glossaries/syndicate/4944704-1.html Boundless Finance. (2014). Boundless â€Å"Underwriting†. Retrieved from http://www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/ Business Dictionary. (2014). IPO Definition. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com Titman, S., Keown, A. J., & Martin, J. D. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and applications (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice. U.S. Legal Definitions. (2014). Originating House definition. Retrieved from http://www.definitions.uslegal.com/0/originating-house-underwriting/ Wasserman, E. (2010). How to Prepare a Company for an Initial Public Offering. Retrieved from http://www.inc.com/guides/preparing-for-initial-public-offering.html

Essential and Nonessential Clauses

Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses By Mark Nichol Discussions below explain the mistakes in the examples given, which err in mistaking essential and nonessential clauses and vice versa. A revision accompanying each sample sentence demonstrates correct form. An essential (or restrictive) word, phrase, or clause is one that is necessary for conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. When the essential element follows the core of the main clause, the conjunction that serves as the link between them. By contrast, a nonessential (or nonrestrictive) word, phrase, or clause is attached to the main clause, trailing a comma and the conjunction which. (Alternatively, nonessential elements are inserted parenthetically into the sentence with commas, dashes, or parentheses, but this post does not pertain to that type of sentence construction.) Actually, that and which are interchangeable as conjunctions preceding essential elements, but some writing handbooks advocate using only that in such cases to avoid confusion with sentences with nonessential elements, for which which is the only correct conjunction. In American English, at least, many careful writers observe this distinction, a strategy I strongly recommend. The writers of the two examples below have, in constructing the sentences, confused essential and nonessential clauses, as explained in the discussion following each statement. She faulted him for criticizing the Dodd-Frank Act that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession. The wording of this sentence suggests that of various Dodd-Frank acts, the one in question is the one that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession, and therefore the description of the intent of the act is essential, because it pertains to this Dodd-Frank Act. But the part of the sentence that follows that describes the intent of the only existing Dodd-Frank Act. Therefore, the clause that begins with sought provides additional information that should be appended to the main clause, â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act,† with a comma and the conjunction which: â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act, which sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession.† More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year, which exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations. Setting the modifying phrase â€Å"exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations† off as a subordinate clause beginning with which creates the mistaken impression that the fact that a majority of companies experienced a hack during the previous year had the unfortunate results specified. But the phrase pertains to individual cybersecurity compromises, not to the preponderance of such experiences. The phrase is essential to the sentence- it describes hacking incidents that had specific results- and so should be integrated into the main clause, as shown here: â€Å"More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year that exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter"Replacement for" and "replacement of"What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Hydrothermal Vents and the Marine Life They Support

Hydrothermal Vents and the Marine Life They Support Despite their forbidding appearance, hydrothermal vents support a community of marine creatures. Here you can learn the definition of hydrothermal vents, what theyre like as a habitat and what marine creatures live there.   How Hydrothermal Vents Form Hydrothermal vents are essentially underwater geysers created by tectonic plates. These huge plates in the Earth’s crust move and create cracks in the ocean floor. Ocean water enters the cracks, is heated up by the Earth’s magma, and then released through the hydrothermal vents, along with minerals such as hydrogen sulfide, which end up forming volcano-like projections on the seafloor. The water coming out of the vents can reach incredible temperatures of up to 750 degrees F, even though the water outside of the vents can be near freezing in temperature. Although the water coming out of the vents is extremely hot, it isnt boiling because it is unable to under the high water pressure. Due to their remote location in the deep sea, hydrothermal vents were discovered relatively recently. It wasnt until 1977 that scientists in the submersible  Alvin  were amazed to discover these undersea chimneys spewing hot water and minerals into the cold waters thousands of feet below the ocean surface. It was even more surprising to discover these inhospitable areas teeming with marine creatures. What Lives in Them? Living in a hydrothermal vent habitat presents challenges that prevent many marine creatures from inhabiting this hostile environment. Its inhabitants need to contend with total darkness, toxic chemicals, and extreme water pressure. But despite their intimidating description, hydrothermal vents support a wide variety of marine life, including fish,  tubeworms, clams, mussels, crabs, and shrimp. Hundreds of species of animals have been identified in the hydrothermal vent habitats around the world. At a hydrothermal vent, there is no sunlight to produce energy. Bacteria-like organisms called  archaea  have solved this problem by using a process called chemosynthesis to turn chemicals from the vents into energy. This energy-creating process drives the entire hydrothermal vent food chain. Animals in the hydrothermal vent community subsist on products produced by the archaea, or on the minerals in the water produced from the vents.   Types of Hydrothermal Vents Two types of hydrothermal vents are the black smokers and white smokers. The hottest of the vents, the black smokers, got their name because they spew a dark smoke composed mostly of iron and sulfide. This combination forms iron monosulfide and gives the smoke its black color. The white smokers release a cooler, lighter material composed of compounds including barium, calcium, and silicon. Where Are They Found? Hydrothermal vents are found at an average underwater depth of about 7,000 feet. They are found in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and concentrated near the Mid-Ocean Ridge, which winds its way along the seafloor around the globe. So Whats the Big Deal? Hydrothermal vents play an important part in ocean circulation and regulating the chemistry of ocean waters. They contribute nutrients required by ocean organisms. Microbes found at hydrothermal vents may also be important to the development of medicines and other products. Mining of minerals found at hydrothermal vents is an emerging issue that may allow scientists to learn more about hydrothermal vents, but may also damage the seafloor and surrounding marine communities. References Cowan, A.M.Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. National Geographic.Pfeffer, W. 2003. Deep Oceans. Benchmark Books. 38pp.Viders, H. 2011. Hydrothermal Vents. Alert Diver Online.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. What Are Hydrothermal Vents?

Managing Business Responsibly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Business Responsibly - Essay Example Then, the response of people to complex/ unexpected events can be considered as more credible, based on the fact that there has been no time available for the individuals involved to be prepared in regard to their response to the particular events (Atkinson and Young, 2008). For example, Garfinkel asked the students participated in his experiment to change their normal behaviour at home and ‘to act as if they live in a rented house and not in the house of their parents’ (Garcia 2013, p.19). The responses of the parents varied: other considered this behaviour as ‘a consequence of an illness or others regarded as rudeness’ (Garcia 2013, p.19). In other words, in any case this behaviour was perceived as being out of social norms (Garcia 2013). It should be noted that parents were not informed on the development of this experiment (Baert and da Silva 2010). However, this is the core characteristic of breaching experiments: those participating in the experiment d evelop a behaviour which is not aligned with social norms (OpenStax College 2012). In this context, the breaching experiments can be considered as valuable for identifying the actual response of people to unexpected events/ behaviour. Personally, a few years ago, I had developed a breaching experiment trying to check the response of my parents to my professional choices. For about a month I avoided going out and I was keeping on reading/ watching business – related videos through the Internet, a behaviour that was fully contradictory with my habit to meet my friends almost every afternoon and to watch sports in TV. My parents reacted rather positively; they’ve told me that they are not going to be opposed to my decision to choose the specific professional field and that I could continue my normal social life, as before. In other words, for my parents, my behaviour was perceived as an effort to show my willingness for a specific career. In

Chicago Police Department Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chicago Police Department - Essay Example The Chicago PD’s first strength is the fact that it has something of a monopoly in its field. When a person wants to take recourse to the legal system for a crime, their only recourse is to the Chicago PD, and by law they are the only group that provide many of the services they do. This means that the Chicago PD does not need to fear competition from any other group or organization providing similar services. The Chicago PD’s second major strength is in another vein, recognisability and marketing. The Police Department is so well known and intrinsically connected to their services in public knowledge that they have no need to spend many resources on marketing simply to let people know they exist and what their services are. Chicago PD’s widespread recognition can, however, be as much of a weakness as it is a strength. While Chicago Police Department is incredibly well known, but as mentioned above its reputation is formed as much by media as anything else, and thus misinformation and messages the Chicago PD do not want to be connected to can be at least as well known as things it wants to be connected to. One of the best ways for the Chicago PD to minimize this weakness is to work with community groups to spread the message that the Chicago PD wants, and actively fight against misrepresentation in media. The Chicago police department’s second main weakness is the fact that it relies heavily on crime reporting to be able to do its job effectively (). The Chicago PD thus must make itself as accessible as possible in order to find true criminals rather than just those who are afraid of the police. The Chicago PD can fight this as much as possible by minimizing the degree to which they attack people who are reporting crimes. Though it is responsible for finding criminals equally, allowing people of questionable immigration status or who might be involved in crime themselves to report crime allows them to respond more universally to crime. The Chicago Police Department has a wide array of opportunities to better fulfill its mission statement. One of the biggest ones revolves around the fact that by its very nature members of the police department have to be in constant contact with the members of the community in which they live. This means that if the Chicago PD can successfully realign itself to focus on community outreach, it can more easily cure the problems of a community rather than just treat the symptoms (Chicago PD 1993). The second major opportunity for the Chicago PD is that technology of policing is constantly advancing, and often at a rate much faster than the forces police are trying to fight (ie. Criminals). This means that if the Police Department successfully identifies trains and begins use of new and emerging technologies it can accomplish its mission with increasing efficiency, as it often does not have to fight competition with access to the same emergent technologies (Sims 2011). The biggest threats to the Chicago PD is the growing trend of people failing to report crimes and settle things using criminal activity, especially gang violence. This undermines the whole system under which the police force works, and

Supprting and assessing learning in practice settings Essay

Supprting and assessing learning in practice settings - Essay Example My role as a preceptor is to ensure that Tom achieved the standards and competencies required in his new position, to act as a role model to him and facilitate him to gain knowledge and skills (Gopee 2008). In review of the various recommended best practices in Training of professional writers, there is a strong emphasis at present in personalisation. Even group experiential trainers note that a core priority in the training of clients is to prompt growth, hence tapping into potential talents and skill which lay dormant beneath the surface of every individual (Colley 2003, Gibbs 1988, and Gopee 2008). In every conflict within the workplace, there is an ethical solution. However, perhaps the biggest challenge for managers is the effect that decisions can make not only on the bottom line or the team, but in regard to their own reputation. Indeed, one critical mistake or mismanagement of a situation, and especially in response to team conflict where decision making is connected to the livelihood of others, can lead to the dissolution of an entire professional history, or at least temporarily so. According to Thill and Bovà ©e’s (2005) Excellence in Business Communications, gauging the mind-set of the people whom you work with is half the battle in resolving team conflict constructively. Mere assertion of authority is generally not enough to resolve destructive behaviors regarding a decision. In fact, as Thill & Bovà ©e argue, win-win strategies require managers to 1) express understanding; 2) make people aware of their resistance; 3) evaluate others’ objections fairl y; and 4) hold their own arguments until the other people are ready for them. Patience is not always easy in these situations, as managers may become side-tracked from thoroughly grappling with fundamental problems taking place within team dynamics, and in doing so, ethical and precise responses to challenges may go unmet, reduce morale,

Car Rental System Literature Review

Car Rental System Literature Review The Rental vehicles web system is a web-based that creates by JavaScript. Our software application aims to be a complete solution for a web based car rental broker companies with the support of call center functionality in Langkawi Island It can be easy for tourist , travel agency ,and Private visitor to online make research , comparison vehicles prices and make reservation , online payment when they travel . It also allows the administrator managed data source in short time. It accepts new reservation vehicles, View vehicles model, view date reservation for vehicles, and travel information so that customers can easy look out travel location they need. The system will add on the new feature like validation form to tell the user key in the correct value. The system wills keep records for the customers, and purchases items. So that administrator can manage customers reservation lists. 1.2 Problem background The web-based that creates by administrator has many useful functions. It contains auto save data, show customer products, contact and feedback form. The web system is focuses on web-based orders, products and data binding. This system is just design for online web-based system implementation, used for administrative purpose. This system will show customers details, order details, product details, payment lists and also including online product itemized bills. 1.3 Project aim The main mission of Rental vehicles web-based system is looking for Lankawi island rental vehicles market. It can be easy provide for tourist, travel agency, and Private visitor to online make research, comparison vehicles prices and make reservation when they travel 1.4 Project objective In the objectives, we aim to improve the Rental vehicles business market in langkawi Island and we also consider to provide customers able to user easy way to make reservation .Example customer can use internet access to web-based system to, looking for vehicles detail or prices and so on . -The system will save all customers details for feature references. Customers can save Time, save cost, get information on the web-based and can access in any time any where Develop for Rental Vehicles business market in Langkawi Island. -Easy administrator manages reservation data or processing data with customers. -More suitable to customer with administrator to communication on internet 1.5 Project scope The scope of this project is create a user friendly web-based system for customers. The web-based system must be secured and easy to manage by administrator. The following feature to be focused on my web system. In booking list, this function enables customers to see booking date when customer booking . In registration account this function enables customers to create user details and information. In vehicles model list this function enables customers to view all types of vehicles . In payment list this function enables customers to view total of pay booking list. Last, in feedback-form enables customers to send admin suggestion. 1.6 The important of the project The important weakness in the current system are include, connects between web pages and layout theme or maybe more. the connection at storing data to web system loading will be slow, because the system is trying to load data files on the web-based first then only will load the contents. Sometimes it may fails and need to refresh the page again and again. Then is the layout theme, the administrator was weak in web designing. Some of the webpage tables or images maybe corrupted. 1.7 Summary In summary, my design ideas is force on the web-based it can be completely to store all the customers overall details and reservation data into the online application system. Although this is my first time to create this kind of web-based application system and also it a challenge of myself . Chapter 2 Literature review Introduction This chapter were provides the literature review which is related to the project development and make reference to existence of other systems. The sources are refer from the book, articles, journals and also sources from internet. 2.2 Car rental System In this twenty first century car rental system it are famous using to tourism Web-based system understands as server components of distributed applications which use the HTTP protocol to exchange data between servers and clients(browser). By this definition, the principal problem of Web-based system development becomes apparent From business perspectives. Web-based systems can be classified as follows (Kaiser, 2000): 2.3 Technologies Research and Development This chapter we are provides technologies research and development technique for this project. We will explain why we using java technology to plan develop on this project, and it also compares the other open source technology. 2.3.1 XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) in 1974 Charles Goldfarb, Ed Mosher and Ray Lorie invented GML at IBM. Advantages of XML Readability: It is text-based and therefore human readable. Moreover, given the use of text tags to demarcate the data, data represented by XML is usually somewhat understandable to the reader without reference to any other file or definition. Universality: It supports the Unicode Standard, so text from any character set can be used. Moreover, the text and elements can be specified in different character sets. Disadvantages of XML Inefficient: XML was not originally defined as a database storage platform. It was designed to accommodate the exchange of data between nodes of dissimilar systems. Compared to other storage algorithms XML is relatively inefficient. The XML tags, which make it readable to humans, require additional storage and bandwidth. XML Stylesheet: XML can be used to transmit and store documents for visual display. However, storage is not its primary or original purpose. To use it for anything beyond basic display of the data using markup requires an additional file the XML Stylesheet. XML Stylesheets are conceptually identical to HTML CSS files, but with a different syntax 2.3.2 JAVA Java was created in 1991 by James Gosling et al. of Sun Microsystems. Initially called Oak, in honor of the tree outside Goslings window, its name was changed to Java because there was already a language called Oak. Advantages of java Chapter 3 Research methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter we are provides the method and approach which have used to development on this System. We will discuss different type of model objects in this system project and a detailed explanation of each phase in developing on this project. A methodology is part of important technique use to managing and controlling for research in project to achieve the specified objectives within a given time. In order to complete this research, there are five major phases involved. Each phase involved in this project have significance in achieving the objectives of the project. This project begins with knowledge acquisition phase and finished with the documentation of result. As mentioned in the objective of this project, data matching technique is applied to provide car rental service to the users. 3.2 Project Methodology On this project we need found the best methodology which to easy improve , high market value in future develop on this project model . Finally were choosing Waterfall model to become planed and develop idea for this system project. The Waterfall Model is the earliest method of structured system development and his create by Winston W. Royce in 1970 It is a highly structured development process, first used on DoD software projects in the 1970s. It is the traditional approach to software development and was derived from defense and aerospace project lifecycles now day The Waterfall Model is still common and widely used in software develop filed. Requirement Analysis Definition: All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, theses requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. System Software Design: Before build the actual coding and actual design we must to understand what we are going to create and what requirement material used to? The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture and specifications with serve as input for the next phase of the model also. Implementation Unit Testing: This step is receiving system design documents, the job are divided in to the modules and started with the actual coding. When the system is first to developed in small programs we will called this units, which are integrate in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referring to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules or units meet their specifications. Integration System Testing: Specified as above the system is first divided in units which are developed and test for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and test with all the modules coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it will hand in to the customer. Operations Maintenance: This phase of The Waterfall Model is virtually never ending phase. Generally, problems with the system developed which are not found during the development life cycle come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solved; hence this process is referred as Maintenance. 3.4 Methodology Justifications Now in this project we will discuss how can we justification idea of waterfall model ,why we choose waterfall model to be software development idea, and what advantages in waterfall model . The waterfall model is follows a linear and strict set of stages during its development process. The waterfall model can be process model follows a particular life cycle in order to ensure success in process of software development. Important is the waterfall model have high value in software development field and now a day still a lot of software develop company used to develop they are software productions. The advantage of waterfall model is it allows for departmentalization and managerial control, after than a schedule can be set with an end time for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a shirt in a washing machine, and theoretically, can be finish on time. Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, and end up at operation and maintenance. Each phase of development proceeds in strict order, without any overlapping or iterative steps. 3.5 System Requirements In the development system we will refer to the develop phase and will follow the certain requirements in order to make work more efficiently. 3.5.1 Hardware Requirements In hardware part we will suggest used Intel core i5 Processer(centre unit processor) to run for sever web base .The amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) that is required depend many factors such as requirement to other services, frequently accessed content files, operating system paging files and the web service application. It is recommended to have at least 1GB (Gigabyte) of RAM in order to run the application. Having more RAM (2GB or 4GB) in your server will be better as it will allow more files to be cached, reducing disk 3.5.2 Software Requirements In software Requirement will used MYSQL to be save data. Because MySQL has its built-in command prompt window to run the required commands. It is recommended to use SQLWave 5 which makes it easier to create, edit, update and delete MySQL databases with its powerful GUI (Graphical User Interface) 3.6 Summary The methodology used is the Waterfall process model because it is the most suitable method for this project. It has a linear framework and goes forward within a strict set of phases. This method has more advantages when compared with other methods. The system requirements which is the hardware and software requirements needed for the project were also discussed in this chapter. The next chapter covers the design and implementation part of this project. Chapter 4 Design and implementation Introduction In this chapter we will discuss more in details about the system design and implementation of the web base online reservation system. In the system design and application implementation architecture we will provides more advantage develop technique and further with visual diagram 4.3 System Flows In the system flows will follow for the online rental vehicle system and it will be discussed in details with the help of Use Case Diagrams and Sequence Diagrams. The Use Case is used to represent distinct pieces functionalities of whole system in a graphical and overview in terms of actors and their goals and any dependencies between them. In part of main idea is will represent which actor is performing for what system functions, and also will describes the roles of actors in the system. On the other hand ,a sequence diagram can map a scenarios described by a use case in step by step detail to define how objects collaborate to achieve applications goals.