Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST

Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST 1.0 Background The association being picked to do such change process investigation is the PC business and the association organization in center is genially with respect to HP Computers. Accordingly, change forms in business associations includes the truth behind each procedure and is considered as an every day cycle in managing to different issues and worries of the association as it relies upon the administrations activities and its regarded difference in nature in managing viable change the executives as coordinated at conquering outrage and disdain advancing into a program that underpins acknowledgment and disguise. As an expert remarking on the authoritative change process picking HP association as the point of convergence for conversation and investigation for this introduction, job to the association is to have an unmistakable accentuation managing to the outer and inside change drivers and other fundamental focuses required for the acknowledgment of direction for this report introduction f or the senior administration of the HP in giving verifiable data that will have the option to give a superior considerable suddenness of comprehension of such hierarchical state required for choice and the use of the fitting administration models just as ideas in essence. This paper used HP Corporation as the model association to survey its current dreams for recharged association and how they managed basic circumstances. From the examination, key patterns in the change techniques of HP Corporation were then distinguished, how they worked and their adequacy in managing basic circumstances was found out. The paper at that point proceeded onward to survey these change procedures with respect to their reasonableness to basic circumstances, during which the inside abilities of these change techniques corresponding to the methodology being trailed by HP Corporation was resolved moreover. A general investigation of the exhibition and viability of the change methodologies was additionally led to evaluate and think about the abilities of these change procedures with those of others. Holes in the change abilities and condition were then distinguished. At long last, a few selections of systems to improve the change methodologies of HP Corporation as successful methods in basic circumstances were suggested and assessed as far as fittingness to the issues evaluated, attainability in completing the choices and worthiness inside the key partners and leaders. A few key usage issues identified with overseeing vital change were tended to too. 2.0 Introduction: Ordinarily, the idea of hierarchical change is as to association wide change, rather than littler changes, for example, including a renewed individual, altering a program, and so on. Instances of association wide change may remember a change for strategic, activities (e.g., rebuilding to self-guided groups, cutbacks, and so forth.), new innovations, mergers, significant joint efforts, rightsizing, new projects, for example, Total Quality Management, re-designing, and so forth. A few specialists allude to authoritative change. Frequently this term assigns a key and radical reorientation in the manner the association works. Change can be characterized as the proficient and successful usage of the arrangements and undertakings important after takeover or converging of at least one organizations or associations. Change the board centers around the cautious administration of the procedures associated with the steady change of the new administration and its workforce. As a rule, the recently combined or obtained business elements dont truly have a simple time acclimating to the progressions realized by the procurement or dominate. Subsequently, these substances take part in exercises that are some way or another opposing to changes. In this way, the significant exercises of the organization, for example, the assembling of items, item improvement, creation and dissemination become seriously hampered. Nonetheless, change manages all activities done inside organizations and associations. Exercises, for example, the administration of buys, the control of inventories, coordinations and assessments are regularly the focal point of progress. A lot of accentuation lies on the productivity and viability of procedures. In this manner, change incorporates the examination and the board of interior procedures. 3.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) SWOT Analysis: 3.1 Strengths: The new item offering New advancement for RD Serious Price After deals administration 3.2 Weaknesses: Inward control issues Absence of in-house the executives counseling division No forceful interests in RD contrasted with verifiable spending Turmoil among inward representatives because of pay cuts and absence of individuals care Scholarly Capital is under assessed No Decent People maintenance strategy or HR practices to guarantee IC is ensured 3.3 Opportunities: Developing markets, especially nations web based business extension Rebuilding of inside IT structure Imaging and printing organizations 3.4 Threats: Serious rivalry from other PC producers Expanding rivalry on imaging and printing Log jam in financial conditions Item reviews and flexibly chain disturbances 4.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) Porters five powers Analysis: 4.1 Rivalry inside the Industry: The inside zone speaks to the contention in the business. On the left are the primary customary players in the business, with a sign that there is a lot of combination happening between these organizations. On the privilege are the regions where the market is being battled. In the essential access/fundamental administrations field, numerous organizations are offering a similar arrangement access and fundamental administrations, thus those that are doing it more economically than others will draw in clients. Something else, ISPs should offer something uncommon to separate them from others. 4.2 Threat of Substitute Products: There is a gigantic fascination for organizations other than offer PC embellishments and administrations, particularly in the event that they realize they can enter the market at an elevated level. Contenders have the assets and PC extras realize that how will generally be fruitful in this industry. They are additionally mindful of the dangers of not being a piece of this industry, and are entering at a gigantic rate, either by securing, blending, or basically. 4.3 Threat of New Entrants: Because of the idea of the PC showcase, the danger of new participants is sensibly solid. There are low obstructions to passage all that is expected to become is a limited quantity of capital and some specialized skill. A great part of the action can be re-appropriated, which can lessen beginning expenses. 4.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The providers are those that own the systems. These tend and spine suppliers. Spine suppliers by and large own what is the supreme spine of the Internet, and control directing and exchanging of traffic. Own the nearby circle copper sets, which most clients use to interface and the lines that rent to associate with the Internet, and a great part of the Internet spine. 4.5 Bargaining Power of Buyers: Albeit an individual purchaser has next to zero say about how much an ISP charges, because of the contention inside the market, ISPs for the most part bring to the table their administrations at sensible costs. They will lose their client base on the off chance that they charge more for an assistance another person gives all the more economically. Exchanging costs are low, thus agitate rates are high. 5.0 The External Environment A PEST Analysis of Hewlett-Packard (HP): A PEST (Political, Economic, Sociological and Technological) examination is a sweep of the outside condition to attempt to spot changes that may affect upon business. These progressions may be viewed as circumstances or dangers. 5.1 P Political: HP works as a worldwide business inside 145 nations around the world. It is sorted out into three worldwide business bunches which generally relate. HP is dependent upon different local guidelines and strategies inside the related exchanging squares. The key variables at play incorporate exchange guidelines and levies, lawful structure for Intellectual property and agreement authorization. The coming of globalization has alleviated against the more unfriendly effects of such strategies, Europe to America and Visa Versa. What's more, Japan and China and Korea are huge significant markets for HP and general development to free markets has empowered extending exchange here. 5.2 E Economic: HP is straightforwardly affected by general financial patterns. The Server, PC and capacity business are gauges of general business financial atmosphere, for instance the 2001 innovation crash affected different regions of these specialty units. Additionally the portable PC business, printer and ink business are straightforwardly attached to purchaser spending and assessment. The school year kickoff shopper showcase is an exceptionally enormous segment of the HP deals in summer months. HP is a full grown organization and with lower than normal worker wearing down rates, especially inside the United States, this maturing workforce has negative monetary ramifications for benefits and downstream Medicare costs. 5.3 S Sociological: HP is dependent upon various full scale social patterns. One key pattern is the market and political spotlight on green issues. HP as a huge ink and printer producer, individuals utilize a ton of paper and ink with HP items so its circuitous carbon impression is huge. Additionally as the universes biggest PC and PC maker, HP should address conceivably stricter natural approaches in the coming years. We as of now have seen late European enactment concerning end of life removal for buyer white products. There is an enormous change in social communication with innovation, remote and versatility are currently key item and client requested qualities. People groups desires identifying with innovation are quickening. Individuals are additionally utilizing innovation in new manners, HP must guide and keep up soundness with these social patterns to be effective. 5.4 T Technological: As HP is an innovation undertaking, there are numerous full scale factors impacting everything in this categor

UPS: How Brown Got Cool

What can brown accomplish for you? More organizations and customers are understanding the advantages of UPS are substantially more than essentially conveying bundles. With the brand picture and image redo, business has experienced the rooftop with more individuals exploiting the contributions of UPS. UPS was prepared to guarantee a greater amount of the piece of the overall industry and impact buyers to consider and utilize UPS for their own conveyance and business needs. The Integrated showcasing interchanges approach was the best answer for uncover the entirety of the contributions of UPS and the amount of an advantage UPS is, for organizations as well as customers also. UPS was resolved to change their picture as an organization and as a brand and has had extraordinary achievement in doing as such. From the change of the UPS image, to the patched up promoting techniques, to the UPS Store, a greater amount of the market has figured out how to use the administrations offered by UPS. Numerous customers initially figured all UPS did was convey bundles and offer bundle following, however with the incorporated promoting interchanges approach, the market is currently understanding all that is advertised. Various promoting approaches were important to arrive at a more extensive market. Rather than constraining the promoting to a specific gathering, the introduction extends with various showcasing approaches. Business print, exchange print, industry explicit print, and radio on a nearby market premise helped arrive at the majority while promoting various administrations gave to interest everyone’s needs. UPS put forth a cognizant attempt to arrive at five objective markets which incorporate transportation leaders, front office chiefs, private venture leaders, senior level chiefs, and the most up to date focus on, the end buyer. For each market, the emphasis is on how might we help you. Contributions, for example, seeing and taking care of tabs web based, planning charging reports to screen dispatching costs, overseeing staffing for high volume delivering and accepting and even a web based bundling counselor help to address the issues of more individuals. â€Å"Getting started,† 1994-2013) Brand review is critical in business. Most organizations take a gander at having a brand review pace of over half as a positive. UPS’ brand review rate is somewhere in the range of 97 and 98 percent which is a rate that is clearly ruling the market and significantly affects benefit, new business and rehash business. UPS has won numerous prizes and consistently procures high evaluations in different fields remembering assuming top position for Customer Loyalty Index which goes connected at the hip with brand review. For the fourth sequential year, Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index positioned UPS #1 in the Parcel Delivery classification, refering to brands best ready to connect with buyers and make steadfast clients. † (â€Å"Business excellence,† 2013) The new motto â€Å"What can brown accomplish for you† is for sure an appealing one yet in addition incites thought. The trademark matched with data on various parts of UPS has permitted shoppers and organizations to think outside about the case and use the administrations offered to assist them with working all the more adequately without breaking a sweat.

What Should You Know about Writing a Critical Précis (With a Sample Essay)

What Should You Know about Writing a Critical Précis (With a Sample Essay) A critical précis is commonly assigned in academic programs in the humanities and liberal arts and is a type of expository essay that summarizes another text. Its purpose is to inform your readerâ€"who is assumed to have not read the text in questionâ€"what the text is about, details regarding its author and publication, and any major elements or plot points that summarize it.It might contain quotes from the other text being summarized but these should be limited to short passages and it should be carefully noted that it is a quote to avoid plagiarism. In short, a critical précis should include the following:The main ideas presented in the textAny arguments that are present in the text, mentioned by the author, and the outcome of those argumentsA precise summary of what occurs in the text (this is often limited to one paragraph and should be a part of the introduction of your critical précis)A critical précis is commonly assigned in academic programs in the humanities and liberal arts and is a type of expository essay that summarizes another text.How long should my critical précis essay be?Since the purpose of the critical précis is to briefly summarize and provide information about another text, its length should be between 400 and 1200 words. The length of the text used will also determine how long your critical précis might be. For example, a short story critical précis might be right at 400 words, while a book might require a critical précis closer to the 1200-word range. There are no hard and fast rules related to the word count of a critical précis essay; however, your professor might require a minimum and/or maximum word count for the assignment based on his or her preferences.Do I include personal opinions in my critical précis essay?Since this is not an analytical or reflection essay, the writer shouldnt include any personal opinions. The authors tone and mood should be preserved, allowing the reader to get a good overall glimpse of the text . Also keep in mind that the critical précis is different than a book review and should not be your review of the text. The writer should not use first-person pronouns and should limit the point of view to an objective, third-person point of view.How do I structure my critical précis essay?Since a critical précis is an expository essay, you will need to have an introduction, body and conclusion, just like with other types of essays. Also, as with other essays, its important to create an outline before you begin writing and return to that outline often to ensure youre staying on the right track and that your writing is logical. Without first creating an outline, you run the risk of writing a critical précis that jumps around, is structured incorrectly, and generally confusing for your reader.IntroductionIn the opening paragraph, you need to provide information about the work you are analyzing, including the author, title of the work, genre, intended audience and date of publicati on. If there is something unique about this work, either in the authors career or in popular reception, the introduction would be a good place to do that, as well. Just keep in mind that whatever information you include should be objective rather than simply your opinion. If you think a certain book was the best the author has ever written, that should not be included in the critical précis. However, if the book was the highest grossing book the author has ever written, that is certainly information that could (and should) be included.BodyThe body of the critical précis should offer information about important points concerning the analyzed text. Each paragraph of the body should focus on something specific, such as plot points, setting, characters, or an argument the author is attempting to make (if relevant). The easiest way to make sure you are following this rule is to create a topic sentence for each body paragraph and then ensure that the entire paragraph has something to do with that topic sentence. This, of course, can be done as you are outlining the draft of your critical précis paper.ConclusionThe conclusion is the paragraph where you restate your thesis statement or the main idea of the author of the analyzed text.Sample critical précis essayThe Masque of the Red Death is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe, an American writer, editor, and literary critic. It was published in 1842 in Grahams Magazine under the original title of The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy and is part of the Gothic fiction genre. While it has been often analyzed as a metaphor for the inevitability of death, it also contains many standard elements of Gothic fiction and was directly influenced by the first Gothic novel written by Horace Walpole entitled The Castle of Otranto. Although Poe was one of the first American writers to be able to live on writing alone, he struggled to do so, despite the mass appeal and popularity of short stories like The Masque of the Red Death. It still remains to be one of his best-known and most beloved works, and was published within a decade of his death.The setting of Poes story is a castle owned by the wealthy Prince Prospero, who is described by Poe as happy and dauntless and sagacious. He, along with 1,000 other nobles, attempt to escape a plague that is sweeping the land by walling themselves in the castle and holding a masquerade ball. There, Prospero leads his guests through seven colored rooms, the first six of which are blue, purple, green, orange, white and violet. The last room is black with light illuminating the room through stained glass that is a deep blood color. The last room also holds an ebony clock that chimes every hour, causing the people to stop dancing and the orchestra to stop playing.At midnight, another reveler appears wearing a dark, blood splattered cloak. At first, the guests are shocked that he would dare to wear such a costume, especially one resembling a funeral shroud. He passes through the six rooms until the Prince chases him with a dagger, angered that he would interrupt his masquerade party and make his guests uncomfortable. After the chase, they both arrive at the final and seventh room. When the mysterious figure faces him, the Prince falls dead. The other revelers are enraged and remove the figures costume by force, only to find that there is nothing underneath and to fall dead themselves.While the descriptive and horrific nature of the story lends itself to an allegorical analysis, it can be taken at face value and read as a simple Gothic horror tale. The enclosed halls of the castle, the mysterious and macabre, the rich and luxurious décor, and the obsession with death are all common elements in the Gothic fiction genre and appeal to audiences who are looking for a chilling story to read with or without the didacticism involved in finding a greater moral to the story.

Math Handouts Double Digit Addition Without Regrouping

The Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity - 2298 Words

The prevalence of obesity has increased at an alarming rate in the last three decades (Wang, 2007). This disease termed as being overweight is diagnosed by body mass index, 30 kg/m2 or higher. Within the child and adolescent population, those 6-19 years old, 16% are considered overweight and 34% are at risk of being overweight (Wang, 2007). Across gender, boys and girls have similar national averages though greater differences exist among racial groups (Wang, 2007). Within the child and adolescent population those of low socioeconomic status (SES) have higher rates of obesity (Everson, 2002). Physical activity is a behavior associated with obesity. Low levels of physical activity increases an individual’s risk of developing obesity. There are several determinants that influence an individuals’ engagement in physical activity. These can include their amount of active recreation, attitudes about physical activity, amount of TV/video use, and influences from parents as role models related to physical activity and weight management (Kumanyika, 2007). One internal determinant is the child or adolescent’s attitudes towards physical activity (Salmon, 2012). A previous study found enjoyment to be a major predictor of the amount of physical activity a child engages in (Salmon, 2012). Increase in enjoyment relates to greater likelihood of being physically active regularly. Another internal determinant is the individual’s ability to physically move. Individuals who are physicallyShow MoreRelatedObesity : The Prevalence Of Obesity1154 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The prevalence of obesity in the UK and worldwide is increasing. More than half of UK men and women aged ≠¥ 18 years old are considered overweight [i.e., a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≠¥ 25], and nearly one-fourth are clinically obese (BMI ≠¥ 30). Most of the cases of obesity within the UK are termed moderate. Nevertheless, moderate obesity is a risk factor for many long term metabolic conditions such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and type IIRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) estimated that 400 million adults were considered obese worldwide and is projected to double by the year 2015. Traditionally, obesity is associated with high caloric intake and lower levels of physical activity in high income Western countries. However, low and middle income countries are incre asingly becoming obese and becoming a major public health concern in regards to qualityRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity2398 Words   |  10 Pagesexperience higher prevalence of many diseases, disability, death, and injury (cdc 1). It is observed that AA females are more likely to suffer from obesity, diabetes and heart diseases more than their White counterparts. Among AA females aged 2–19 years old, 24% are considered obese compared to 14% whites. A similar pattern was reported among women older than 20 years of age showing that 51% of AA women are obese compared to 33% of their counterpart White women. (1) The prevalence of obesity was inverselyRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Prevalence Of Obesity1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years, the world’s prevalence of obesity in children has increased alarmingly in most of the countries. It is estimated that 170 million of children under 18 years old are overweight, in the US there is a 30% prevalence o f obesity, similarly 27% of children in Mexico are obese (OCDE, 2014; Gutià ©rrez et al., 2012). In some countries like East Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Canada the prevalence of overweight children had risen by one percentage point each year (Wang LobesteinRead MoreObesity Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pagesdecades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in the United States of America. Many of the results related to obesity considered to be an adult disease in the past, now obesity also affects young peoples body healthy. In children and adolescents, obesity increases the risk of adult obesity with complications. For example, hypertension, diabetes and heart disease are well known. Obesity in children and adolescents will be a prevalent and costly disease. 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What we may refer to as the ‘obesity epidemic’, can account for a wide range of serious health complications among children including hepatitis type II diabetes, risk of impulsive illnesses, and premature death. The advocacy documentary, Fed Up, sheds critical insight on t he raising obesity epidemic, caused mainly by the processed-foodRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has greatly increased in the past two to three decades 1, while incidence of obesity has doubled worldwide since 1980 2. Today, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates over 170 million children and adolescents worldwide are overweight. Particularly in the United States, prevalence of obesity in children has increased from 13.9% in 1999 to 31.8% in 2010 3. After nearly two decades of increase, the rates have started to plateau 4. ThresholdsRead MoreObesity And Its Increasing Prevalence Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of obesity and its increasing prevalence has captured much attention in the course of several decades. With over 36 percent of the American adult population considered obese between 2011-2014, speculations about its cause, contribution to chronic health condit ions, and economic burdens have received considerable awareness (Ogden, Carroll, Fryar and Flegal, 2015). Commonly in research, obesity levels are measured through the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale. A BMI of 25-30 is considered overweightRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity has remained a serious matter in the United States over the years despite its recent decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Children who are obese can experience the same devastating health effects as adults who are obese – cardiovascular issues, diabetes, breathing problems, and so forth. In addition, children who are obese are more than likely to become obese as adults, therefore the development of a health fair that would highlight increased

Why! Elder Abuse.Why! Free Essays

Elder abuse, A Social Problem Elderly abuse has not been researched enough, although there has been recent expansion on the research of abuse of the elderly. However, it is still lacking adequate theory because there has not been enough research done, data collected on why it happens, or the characteristics of the abuser and victim. There are some diseases that cannot always be treated or prevented, but negligence and abuse can always be prevented. We will write a custom essay sample on Why! Elder Abuse.Why! or any similar topic only for you Order Now By learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of elder abuse, there will be a decrease in the number of the elderly who are abused and neglected. Within this paper you will find that both men and women are victims of elder abuse, crimes against the elderly, elder abuse with celebrities, main problems with elder abuse and a way to help stop elder abuse by education. It is said that Women are predominantly the victims of elder abuse and that men are the abusers, this is not always true, Men are also victims of elder abuse with women as the abusers. However, there has not been a firm definition of what is elder abuse. Some experts suggest that elder abuse should be included in the definition of domestic violence. Experts have found in their studies that women are the majority of the physically abused, where men were the larger average of elderly individuals who were neglected. However, many experts also state that focusing on the definition of elder abuse is counter-productive as in focusing on the issue that women are the majority of abused victims. Feminist theorists have failed to produce enough data here, although they have the expertise to contribute to this research. Wolf, 2000) Categories of elder abuse and neglect include such diverse harmful acts as hitting the person, withholding food or water, bullying and threatening, abandoning them when they cannot care for themselves. Which involve elders in their homes or in residential care (Wolf, 2000). According to the news on ABC, even celebrities are victims of elder abuse, such as Mickey Rooney. Who is a 90-year-old actor, who has had one of the longest careers of any actor, was granted court protection from stepson Chris Aber and his stepdaughter Christina Aber, after he filed a case against them charging verbal, emotional and financial abuse, and for denying him such basic necessities as food and medicine. The court documents say that both Chris and Christina Aber have been keeping Rooney as â€Å"effectively a prisoner in his own home† through the use of threats, intimidation and harassment (abcnews. com) In the United States most of the abuse has came from nursing homes, but now the abuse is coming from the offspring of the elderly. Even though the government officials are trying to pass new laws to protect the elderly, the abuse continues. Did you know that 90% of abuse and neglect is perpetrated by family members or relatives, two-thirds by the spouse or adult child of the victim (Administration on Aging, 2004b). One of the main problems with elder abuse is the failure to acknowledge it as a form of real abuse. The ‘caregiver’ is already excused by getting this label as the ‘carer’. There is also the focus on the elder individual as the catalyst to the abuse, by pushing the carer to his or her limits. The elder individual is seen as overly dependent and has added stress to the caregiver. Violence toward the elderly by their middle-aged children or others is a special form of family violence and, just like child abuse and domestic violence, deserves to be recognized, investigated and appropriate interventions provided to save victims from unnecessary suffering. What is abuse? â€Å"It is a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person or violates their human and civil rights (Brandl, 2000). The victim fears reporting such abuse will result in losing ties with that relative or that the relationship will be upset. In several circumstances the victim would be dependent on the perpetrator a caregiver and they are afraid of ending up in long term care if they report the abuse. There may also be the fear that the abuser may find out. Furthermore, they might not have the confidence to report the abuse, and are afraid they won’t remain anonymous. Maybe there is a possibly of failure to recognize abuse and they do not know what is happening to them is classified as abuse. From the functionalist perspective, aging is a social problem because the institutions of modern society are not meeting the needs of the dependent elderly. Interactionist believes that the elderly are stigmatized because they do not conform to the norms of a youth-oriented culture. Conflict theorist view the problems of the elder as stemming from lack of power to shape social institution to meet their needs (http://apa. org/) As a human service professional we can help in the fight to stop Elder abuse, by joining groups like the NCEA, and get involved in their World Elder Abuse Awareness Day. http://www. ncea. aoa. gov). We can help to educate the society, community, on the signs of Elder Abuse with a brochure on Signs of Elder Abuse and by joining the White House on the †Taking a Stand against Elder Abuse† that happens every year on the Annual World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (whitehouse. gov). Elder abuse is just like Domestic Violence and society should not let this ty pe of abuse happen to anyone. In conclusion; as citizens of United States, we must make ourselves aware of the signs of Elder Abuse. We must give respect to the elderly and if we suspect an elderly person is being abused by their family or a professional do not be afraid to report the abuse to the proper authorities. This paper gave you information as stated and that both men and women are victims of elder abuse, there are many crimes against the elderly, there is elder abuse with celebrities, there are main problems with elder abuse and there is a way to help stop elder abuse by education and planning. It is not an easy road but if we all work together to stop elderly abuse, we can stop it! Reference Halphen, John M. , Grace M. Varas, and June M. Sadowsky. 2009. â€Å"Recognizing and reporting elder abuse and neglect. † Geriatrics 64, no. 7: 13-18. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed June 18th, 2011). Administration on Aging (2004b) Elder Abuse, Retrieved, June 18th, 2011 from http://www. aoa. gov/eldfam National Center on Elder Abuse. (2004). The Basics. Retrieved June 17th, 2011 from http://www. lderabusecenter. org/default. cfm? p=basic. cfm Brandl, B. (2000) Power and control: Understanding domestic abuse in later life. Generations, 24(11), 39-45 National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Retrieved March 18th, 2011, from http://www. nccafv. org/elder. htm#top http://apa. org/ http://www. ncea. aoa. gov/Ncearoot/Main_Site/pdf/publication/Join_Us_Campaign_tipsheet_indv_final. pdf retrieved June 21st, 20011 http://www. whitehouse. gov/blog/2011/06/13/taki ng-stand-against-elder-abuse How to cite Why! Elder Abuse.Why!, Papers

Formal and Informal Essay Example For Students

Formal and Informal Essay Robin Phillips Assignment: The Learning Autobiography Formal and Informal Learning Date: August 26, 2010 I started my formal education in elementary school when I traveled with my parents. My father was in the United States Army, and I lived in Germany for three years. Then we moved to Japan where I lived for four years. The two things that stuck in my mind were the earthquakes we had every day and my dogs being very scared. I began junior high school in Colorado Springs, Colorado where I took the classes that were required. I had a hard time with math and reading. I learned that I had dyslexia and had to be in special education classes. I had to learn by hands on and showing me how to do things over and over. This had to be done many times until I understood it . While in junior high the one thing stuck out for me, I was good in my choir class and every one liked hearing me sing. I could sing harmony while others sang in the background for me. High school was harder for me, as the classes became more difficult and I had to work really hard to get good grades, in order to pass them. There was one teacher who helped me with my speech class and she would take time to listen to my speeches that I prepared. She always wanted to make sure I had the speeches timed down to the minute. Her name was Ms. Muto. Ms. Muto also helped me with my computer work, to make sure I understood how to write the programs on the homework that was given to me back in 1983. I went on to graduate form Apache Junction High School in 1985 and received my diploma from there. When high school was done I did different kinds of jobs but I never found anything that I was good at. I worked in two different nursing homes, but I was too small of a person to lift people, so I quit. Also, I was not trained on how to handle elderly people. I mostly helped the LPN’s in what ever they needed done. My brother was a nurse and told me some of the things that I needed to know, but I never could understand what he told me. I started at Mesa Communityback in 1991. I started with lower grade classes first because I scored low when I took the placement tests that every student has to take before getting any of their classes. I worked my way up to the higher level of classes. here where many people who helped me on my learning journey at MCC. There was one person that always helped me get the classes I needed. Her name was Judy and she was a disability specialist. She always took special time with me and I will never forget her. Judy passed away in 2008 of breast cancer. I didn’t go every semester at MCC due to a illness that required me to have a hysterectomy a t the age of 28. When I was well enough I started back at MCC. I took English 101 when I started back and I loved it because the instuctor who did the class gave everybody special time on all work. I did take a communications class over because I failed it the first time. My instuctor Mr. Mancuso sat down with me and said â€Å" you can do all the papers over and you will pass. I thanked him for being so kind to me. In May 2007 I graduated from MCC. I am the only one in my family that has a 2 year degee. In conclusion, I have had many challenges in my life and stuggles with education due to the disability that I have had to contend with all my life. I will work very hard to get this next degree at Ottawa because I want to help people with their problems, when I get this degee.

Adaptive Hardware and Assistive Technology

There are many students in the US with different forms of disability. The presence of such learners in any learning environment shows the need for educators and other stakeholders to accommodate diverse requirements of such students through adaptive hardware and assistive technology in the classroom.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Adaptive Hardware and Assistive Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Previous studies have established that the best approach for the education of learners with a disability involves integrating them with other students in the mainstream education system. However, this evidence-based recommendation is the source of the problem for teachers because many of them do not have formal training on handling learners with disabilities in regular classrooms. An inclusion approach requires teachers to offer the same learning classroom experience for all learners irrespective of th eir disabilities (Roblyer, 2009). Learners with disabilities are often disadvantaged when integrated in normal classrooms because they receive and transform information in a different manner relative to other learners. In addition, offering such extra support to learners with disabilities may be difficult because of time constraints and a lack of knowledge on adaptive hardware and assistive devices. There are several devices and resources, which can help educators to provide support to their disabled learners in the mainstream classroom (Jennings, Caldwell Lerner, 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such devices may assist learners to overcome their handicaps and learn like other normal students. Below are few adaptive hardware and assistive technology devices for different forms of disabilities, which may assist students. Cognitive Barriers There are adaptive hardware an d Assistive Technology for Cognition (ATC) for learners with cognitive barriers. Such devices and technologies help learners to enhance their attention, memory, plan, self-management and recognition, emotion and navigation processes among others. Today, there are many ATC devices for learners with disabilities. However, many developers have concentrated on memory and planning devices because they enhance a learner’s efficacy. Examples of ATC hardware include a reading pen, a keyboard mouse emulating interface, a head-controlled mouse and an alternative mouse. Assistive systems include text to speech, Morse code and optical character recognition among others. The portable scanning and reading pen allows learners with cognitive barriers to read and use texts in classrooms. These devices and technologies may be integrated in reading, writing and mathematics lessons. Such devices and technologies include text to speech, software and interactive books. In writing, they facilitate voice recognition and word prediction while in mathematics such devices assist learners in graphing, practicing, drilling and tutorial processes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Adaptive Hardware and Assistive Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hearing Barriers Learners with hearing and speech challenges may not have difficulties with the usage of computers. However, they need to interact with other students and instructors effectively. Consequently, such learners require hearing aid and other devices to improve learning. Amplification of adaptive devices such as Assistive Listening Device provides technologies and tools to improve residual hearing among learners. Such devices allow students to hear sounds they would not detect otherwise. Some of these devices require students to be close to the source of the sound. Some devices create connections between the student and the teacher or the micr ophone. The method eliminates a background noise and allows the instructor to walk from one student to another in the classroom. The ease of portability and versatility allows the device to serve learners in different environments. Audio loops lessen the background noise and amplify the sound to the hearing aid. There are also emerging technologies based on the infrared systems to aid learners with hearing barriers. The system sends the sound in an invisible manner to learners with hearing challenges. The device lacks any cords and wires. Such features have resulted in its popularity among users. Cochlear implants offer hearing capabilities to learners with deep hearing challenges. The device allows learners to hear sounds they could not distinguish previously. It works by passing the impaired part of the ear and arousing in healthy nerves in the ear for the sound detection. Vision Barriers Learners with visual challenges or blindness have difficulties in seeing visual materials use d in classrooms or presented on the computer screen. Such learners may have standard keyboards, but there are Braille options to assist them with keyboard difficulties.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other adaptive devices for visually impaired learners include a braille translator, a screen reader, a refreshable braille display, an optical character recognition software and a braille embosser among others. Speech output devices read screen texts for learners. Such software programs have speech synthesizers, which read and speak texts to learners (Grabe Grabe, 2007). Additional earphone devices may eliminate the noise and the distraction from other sources. A specialized braille display performs a consistent translation of the text from the screen to the display. Learners with advanced skills in braille reading are able to read the texts fast. In addition, the adaptive hardware allows for detailed editing of contents. Learners do not disrupt others and may obtain printed copies from the attached braille printer. Optical character recognition allows students to read and store their learning materials in soft forms. Once stored in the computer, they can use speech synthesis assis tive technologies (ORCCA Technology, 2008) or print the document through braille programs and printer. Visually impaired learners are able to gain access to journals, homework and syllabus materials through assistive technology. Moreover, they may rely on electronic versions of learning materials in computers with relevant software but only if the instructor provides such contents in an accessible way. Physical Barriers Students with physical disabilities require devices and technologies that would enhance movement or create ease of use and independence. The alternative keyboards, mouse devices or monitors limit barriers related to physical impairment. Adaptive technologies should promote optimal learners’ concentration and participation, but without imposing excessive physical demands on them. A quadriplegic learner may experience multiple barriers due to damages to the nerve systems of the limbs, which result in the loss of sensation and paralysis (Grabe Grabe, 2007). Lear ners with such disabilities require performance enhancement tools for adapting and gaining access to instructional materials. For students with advanced cases of mobility barriers, there are keyboard devices with a scanner and Morse code inputs. These devices enhance the use of muscles by voluntarily controlling fingers, a mouth, a knee and a head among others. In scanning mode, the scanner selects symbols or letters as shown on the screen or any other device. The learner may choose any letters by moving their heads, feet and fingers through augmented switches. There are many devices, which may require adjustments to meet specific needs of individual learners. Students may use Morse code through different input devices. Specific assistive software and adaptive hardware convert materials into a program language, which the computer can comprehend and decipher for other standard tools. There are also speech input devices, particularly speech recognition systems, which allow students to use their learning devices by speaking. Learners with physical barriers may see the output displayed on the screen. However, they may not have opportunities to move and obtain outputs from printers. Therefore, an on-screen display provides effective means of gaining access to learning materials for such learners. Language Barriers Students with language barriers could show challenges in using and comprehending spoken words, written words or other symbols used in language. The roots of language barriers may originate from the form, function and content elements of language. Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) devices will enhance communication difficulties among learners. AAC systems may vary in their capabilities, but the nature of their complexity depends on the language barrier of the learner. Generally, users may find simple or low-tech devices as the most useful and the easiest to interact with during the course. They offer affordability and simplicity in learning. Stu dents may use abbreviation expansion and other word recognition or prediction solutions to lessen their workload and facilitate the input speed. Such software and technologies may anticipate the required words after few keystrokes. Different organizations offer different educational and technical adaptive hardware and assistive devices to aid students with disabilities in classrooms. Such devices and technologies account for various forms of disabilities. They include complete lines of physical, language, vision, hearing and cognitive aids. Moreover, the complexity of adaptive hardware and assistive technology may differ based on the specific needs of a learner. Overall, they promote and assist learners to progress with other students in integrated classrooms. Learners may function successfully and overcome their difficulties in different subjects like math calculation, speech, writing and reading. Therefore, it is imperative for educators to consider adaptive hardware and assistive technology for all learners with specific learning needs and challenges for meaningful learning (Grabe Grabe, 2007). Educators, parents and learners should assess devices and software that may offer benefits to learners. The process must include services of various therapists to provide the professional account of specific learning barriers. References Grabe, M., Grabe, C. (2007). Integrating technology for meaningful learning (5th ed.). New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Jennings, J., Caldwell, J., Lerner, J. (2014). Reading problems: Assessment and teaching strategies (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon / Longman. ORCCA Technology. (2008). The Assistive Technology Exploration and Training Center. Web. Roblyer, M. D. (2009). Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. This research paper on Adaptive Hardware and Assistive Technology was written and submitted by user Casey Carter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Meaning of Baron Through Medieval Times and After

Meaning of Baron Through Medieval Times and After In the Middle Ages, baron was a title of honor given to any nobleman who pledged his loyalty and service to a superior in return for land that he could pass on to his heirs. The monarch was usually the superior in question, although each baron could parcel out some of his land to subordinate barons. Read on the learn about the etymology of the term and how the title has changed over the centuries. The Origins of Baron The term baron is an Old French, or Old Frankish, a word that means man or servant. This Old French term derives from the Late Latin word, baro. Barons in Medieval Times Baron was a hereditary title that arose in the Middle Ages that was given men who offered his loyalty in exchange for land. Thus, barons usually possessed a fief. During this time period, there was no specific rank associated with the title. Barons existed in Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Decline of the Baron Title In France, King Louis XIV diminished the prestige of the baron title by making numerous men barons, thus cheapening the name.   In Germany, the equivalent of a baron was freiherr, or free lord. Freiherr at first connoted a dynastic status, but eventually, the more influential freiherrs  rebranded themselves as counts. Thus, the freiherr title came to mean a low class of nobility.   The baron title was abolished in Italy in 1945 and in Spain in 1812. Modern Usage Barons are still a term used by certain governments. Today a baron is a title of nobility ranking just below that of a viscount. In countries where there are no viscounts, a baron ranks just below a count.

Corn Supply and Demand Schedule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Corn Supply and Demand Schedule - Essay Example By showing the relationship between price and quantity, the demand schedule most commonly consists of two columns. The first column lists the current price of a product, listed in ascending or descending order. The second column lists the quantity of the product that is desired, or demanded, at that price. As the price rises, the quantity demanded tends to reduce. When the data in the table is graphed, creating the demand curve, it demonstrates the relationship between various price points and the corresponding demand. The demand curve can provide a way to estimate the demand for the product at any point along the curve. Demand and Supply Schedules A demand schedule is typically used in conjunction with a supply schedule showing the quantity of a good that would be supplied to the market at given price levels. Graphing both schedules on a chart with the axes described above, it is possible to obtain a graphical representation of the supply and demand dynamics of a particular market. Ceteris paribus, the market reaches an equilibrium where the supply and demand schedules intersect. At this point, the corresponding price is the equilibrium market price, and the corresponding quantity is the equilibrium quantity exchanged in the market.

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Research Paper

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Nationally - Research Paper Example Crime is on the rise and it can occur in places like schools, colleges, areas of businesses, public places or even right in the middle of the street. No one is safe from this menace and by no one, it certainly means, not even the Presidents of the countries. We have lively examples of Ronald Reagan, the US President, who was attacked by a gun man but remained safe and another example of President Pervez Musharraf, the former President of Pakistan, who was attacked by suicide bombers while he was marching his way towards his home in Karachi, Pakistan. Crime and criminals patrol at all hours of day and night. Their mission is to inculcate a sense of fear among the people with their unethical acts. They use knives and sometimes hand guns to disrupt the flow of society in acts of theft, robbery and murder. On the other hand, to show their supremacy over the authorities, acts of terrorism are put together by the terrorists to create havoc in the news bulletins across the world. (Larry J S iegel, 2009) But the question that clicks everyone's mind is what is done to cure this world from such acts committed by mercenaries and of narrow mindedness? One aspect of criminal investigation brings us to the widely known concept of forensic science. It is a sort of science that uses scientific techniques to cater and analyze physical evidence in criminal cases. The concept revolves around the crime scene investigation team who collects evidences from the crime scene and sends it to the forensic laboratories for analysis by the forensic examiners. (Howard Silverstone, 2007) Current challenges With ever growing nature of the forensic workers, their challenges have doubled since the past decade. Now the expectations have risen sky high and the authorities just don't want the forensic examiners to work hard in resolving an issue but now they also want from them agility and accuracy. With the increase in terrorist acts, the authorities want an increase in the efficiency of the foren sic results. In order to counter terrorism, any evidence ranging from a DNA test of a person to foot prints, from a pencil located at the crime scene to a chewing gum cover, every single object can lead the forensic scientists to glory. Every country in the world has realized that they are not invincible or untouchable. In the past couple of decades events like the attacks on the world trade centre in New York, the Murrah building in Oklahoma city, the bombing of flight 103 in Scotland, the 24/7 attacks in London and with many more on going terrorist attacks throughout the world have certainly put a strong challenge to the forensic authorities to work hard and fight crime and criminals. The importance of the findings from the forensic people is also very crucial because if the scientific evidence carries a false sense of significance, then it could lead to misleading results. They have to be very watchful in their working methods to avoid any incompetence. It is also very important for the forensic laboratories and for the people working in it to be independent in their thoughts, they shouldn't be biased towards anyone and furthermore their findings will be much more meaningful if the federal authorities and any of the senior ranked personnel’s do not interfere in their work to show their mind set and favoritism towards a certain party. Best practices Forensic science is a discreet witness to every criminal activity. No perpetrator can get away with his crime due to the diverse practices subsets of it. Forensic ballistics is one amongst the best current practices in Counterterrorism. This study involves analyzing the bullets, firearms and other

Project Report On Wipro Limited

Project Report On Wipro Limited Scope Though Wipro Limited is a group of companies, our main focus in this report will be on the IT services business segment of Wipro Limited. IT Services account for more than 70% of Total Revenue and more than 90% of Operating Income for the Wipro Limited. Wipro Limited Wipro Limited (NYSE:WIT) is amongst the largest global IT services, BPO and Product Engineering companies. In addition to the IT business, Wipro also has a profitable presence in niche market segments of Consumer Products, Lighting, Furniture, Eco Energy, Water treatment and Hydraulics. The company has been listed since 1945 and started its technology business in 1980. Today, Wipro generates USD 6 billion (India GAAP figure 2009-10) of annual revenues. Its equity shares are listed in India on the Mumbai Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange; as well as on the New York Stock Exchange in the US. With more than 100,000 associates from over 70 nationalities and 72 plus global delivery centres in over 55 countries, Wipros products and services span financial services, retail, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare services, energy and utilities, technology, telecom and media. Wipros focus has been on business transformation with innovation in service delivery and business models. More than 800 active clients that include governments, educational institutes, utility services, and over 150 Global Fortune 500 enterprises have benefited from this approach. Strategy Wipro is in more than one line of business, so it has got a Corporate Level Strategy. This corporate level strategy has identified following business lines for Wipro. http://www.wipro.in/img/comp_org_wipro_heading.gif Each of the above business lines has its own Business Level Strategy. The business level strategies, that determine the products and services that each division offers and the customers it caters to, are listed for each division below. Wipro Technologies Wipro Technologies is the global IT services business division of Wipro Limited. With over 20 offices around the world, Wipro Technologies is a provider of integrated business, technology and process solutions on a global delivery platform. Wipro Infotech Wipro Infotech is the strategic IT partner for companies across India, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific offering integrated IT solutions. Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting, a business unit of Wipro Limited, has a profitable presence in the branded retail market of toilet soaps, hair care soaps, baby care products and lighting products. Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Wipro Infrastructure Engineering was Wipro Limiteds first diversification in 1975, which addressed the hydraulic equipment requirements of mobile original equipment manufacturers in India. Over the past 25 years, the Wipro Infrastructure Engineering business unit has become a leader in the Hydraulic Cylinders and Truck Tipping Systems markets in India. Wipro GE Medical Systems Limited Wipro GE Medical Systems is a joint venture between Wipro and General Electric Company. Wipro GE is Indias largest exporter of medical systems. Wipro GE manufactures Ultrasound and Computed Tomography systems in India and is a supplier for all GE Medical Systems products and services in South Asia. Now that we have the knowledge of various business units of Wipro Limited, we will analyze the strategy pursued by Wipro using Contemporary Strategy-Structure Theories. We will use following three theories to analyze the strategies of Wipro. Miles and Snows Four Strategic Types Porters Competitive Strategies Millers Integrative Framework Miles and Snows Four Strategic Types If we use Miles and Snows four strategic types to analyze Wipro, its evident that Wipro uses Analyzer strategy. It seeks to minimize risk and maximize opportunity for profit. Knowing that Cloud Computing is becoming the trend and vendors such as Amazon, Salesforce, Microsoft, and Google have invested heavily, Wipro too partnered with leading providers like Salesforce and Microsoft to provide professional and system integration services for enterprises. Wipro did so only after the risk and profits associated with cloud computing was clear to it. Wipro has the ability to respond to the lead of key prospectors. At the same time, it has maintained operating efficiency in its stable product and market areas. With enhanced business performance at the core of its deliveries due to its strong RD and Innovation focus, Wipro gets 95 percent repeat business. Its operating margin has been more than 20% in the IT Services business for last couple of years. Wipro has a structure made of components that provide it both flexibility and stability. It has clearly identifiable verticals dedicated to different industries like banking, automotive, energy, manufacturing, etc. These verticals are highly standardized and they use routine technologies for efficiency. Wipro has different RD and Practice Centers dedicated to new and emerging technologies. They provide the much needed flexibility whenever Wipro enters into new undertakings. Porters Competitive Strategies As per Porters competitive strategies, Wipro follows the differentiation strategy. It emphasizes heavily on the quality, innovation, and its technological capabilities. It is worlds first SEI CMM Level 5 Company. One of the worlds largest third party RD services provider, Wipro has been a pioneer in adopting and adapting several improvement methodologies like Lean, Six Sigma, Kaizen, etc. to further the efficiency of its processes. Wipro was the first to adopt Six Sigma in IT delivery in 1998. Lean methodology was adopted from the world-class Toyota Production System for improving the efficiency of the delivery engine in the year 2005. All these things have clearly set Wipro apart from its Indian counterpart who has been lagging behind Wipro in their RD services and highest standard of certifications. Millers Integrative Framework As per Millers Integrative Framework, Wipro fits best with the strategic dimension of marketing differentiation. Wipro draws its competitive advantage vis-Ã  -vis the other Indian IT service providers from five specific differentiators. Technological Excellence The biggest differentiator for Wipro against its Indian competitors is that Wipro entered IT services through the engineering route, given its entry into hardware in the 80s and then later to positioning itself as an engineering lab for hire to the IT multinationals that entered India in the 90s. The lab-on-hire business was eventually scaled up and today accounts for one-third of Wipros revenues, making it one of the worlds largest third party RD provider. Innovative Solutions Wipro offers its clients customized innovative technological and process solutions. In 2000, Wipro set up an Innovation Initiative with an internal innovation council, which worked like an internal venture capital fund. Today there are more 800 people working on such innovative ideas. This approach has helped the company to position itself as an innovator rather than a commodity provider of technological products. Operational Excellence Over time Wipro has come to stand for operational excellence. The commitment to quality has been a critical part of Wipros product offering. The company is very process-oriented and focused on operational excellence. Today, Wipro has built up its reputation and credibility by being a stickler for process excellence and delivering on quality commitments is a key brand benefit. Global Footprint with Emerging Market Knowledge Wipros global footprint is also an important differentiator among its Indian rivals, especially given its higher portfolio split towards emerging markets. The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region contributes to $1 billion in revenues and is considered to be a key differentiator vis-Ã  -vis Infosys. Company Culture of Linking Values to Business Performance Wipros cultural fit with its clients is also important in the self-selection process. Wipros company culture is less flashy and less aggressive than some of its Indian rivals. This culture resonates with Wipros clients in the manufacturing and retail sector who prefer a more laid-back approach at building a relationship. The companys cultural tone has been set right from the top, with Chairman Azim Premji often being quoted as saying that the brand Wipro is all about humility. We can see that above three theories, Miles and Snows Four Strategic Types, Porters Competitive Strategies, Millers Integrative Framework, clearly indicate that Wipro is practicing differentiation strategy. Structure Wipro has been constantly restructuring itself based on the differentiation strategy that it follows. It has been getting projects in different verticals like insurance, banking, securities, retail, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, consumer electronics, energy, medical devices, government, etc., so it restructures itself to deliver the projects as per customers specifications. Now, we will analyze the level of complexity, formalization, and centralization that exists in Wipro. Complexity Wipro ranks high on overall complexity. Complexity is the degree of differentiation that exists within an organization. As described earlier, Wipro operates multiple business lines and each business line has its own verticals depending on the industry it provides products and services in. Horizontal Differentiation Nature of the tasks performed by the employees of IT Business unit is different from task performed by the employees of the Infrastructure unit employees which is different from the task performed by the employees of Consumer Care Lighting unit. So, each unit requires specialized knowledge, skills, and trainings. There are more than 20 verticals in the global IT Business Unit of Wipro itself each requiring different functional and social specialization. Due to this high number of specialization, Wipro demonstrates high horizontal differentiation. Vertical Differentiation As can been seen in the figure given below, vertical differentiation is moderately high because of more levels of hierarchy. Average span in Wipro is about 5 to 6 i.e. a manager can direct 5 to 6 subordinates effectively. Spatial Differentiation Wipro has more than 72 global delivery centres in over 55 countries and it employs citizens of more than 70 nationalities. Considering this fact, it can be easily observed that Wipro ranks very high on spatial differentiation. Formalization Jobs within the Wipro are highly formalized. Employees of Wipro Technologies use Wings Within, a job portal for existing Wipro Technologies employees to look for another job within Wipro Technologies itself. Other business lines provide similar job portal for their employees. MyWipro is the intranet portal available to the employees of Wipro Technologies. Clearly defined procedures covering work processes in the organization are available on this portal. These work processes include career progression policies, financial policies, leave policies, attendance policies, timesheet information, etc. Wipro has a well established recruitment policy. Selection of employees is done by the certified interviewers. These interviewers are from the Band C or above and they have passed certain examinations to be an eligible interviewer. Talent Transformation is the training division of Wipro Technologies. It has dedicated full time trainers in almost all domains and technologies Wipro Technologies operates in. This division provides one to three months of induction training to campus recruits. It also provides training on demand. Centralization Centralization in Wipro is moderate. Each business unit in Wipro Technologies has many accounts. Each account acts as a development centre for a dedicated customer and gets a business target from its corresponding business unit. Decisions on what projects to work on are taken at the account level. Decisions on how to work on the projects are taken by the project managers, team leads, and team members. So, concentration is not at a single point in the hierarchy. So, we can see that the high complexity, high formalization and moderate centralization support the differentiation strategy of Wipro. Organizational Design Design Components These are the five basic components of the organisational design at Wipro. The Operating Core The operating core at Wipro consists of the various professional and technical experts relating to the different 24 verticals of the Wipros business. These are highly trained specialists working in various fields such as Aerospace, Automotive, Banking, Business Consumer Services, Communication Service Providers, Computer Peripherals, Computer Software, Computing, Consumer Electronics, Consumer Packaged Goods, Energy, Government Healthcare, High-Tech, Hospitality Leisure, Insurance, Manufacturing, Media, Medical Devices, Mobile Devices, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Public Infrastructure, Retail, and Securities Capital Markets. The Strategic Apex It consists of one Chairman, 2 Executive Director Joint CEO, IT Business, 1 Executive Director CFO. And apart from this, there are 8 independent non-executive directors forming the strategic apex of the company. The Middle Line This part consists of the team of highly motivated individuals who anchor the organization to relentlessly provide world class IT and business solutions. The management team comprises global leaders, with excellent domain knowledge and across-the-board cross-functional experience, who nurture successful relationships with the client community. It includes 7 business unit heads, 8 service line heads and 6 geographical heads. The Techno Structure However, this part has very small role to play at IT Business line of Wipro but in the consumer care and other business lines of the Wipro it forms the core part, hence giving rise to machine bureaucracy type of organisational design. And here we are referring to the organisational analysis of the Wipro Technologies and Wipro Infotech. The Support Staff This part consists of the supporting functions of Wipro which handles the general management functions and administrative functions to smoothen out the working of the various business units. There are 7 functional heads under it such as technology, quality, information, financial, marketing, global delivery (logistics) and human resources. Internal Complex Clustering and Inter-Relationships At Wipro, Business divisions are highly overlapping, so the add on growth and problems arising from the uncertain environment add to the complexity of inter-relationships between these 5 components. And specially the business units (service wise and geographical), verticals in each and the functional heads are having overlapping projects and relationships are thus complex. Domination of Operating Core Analysing the various components of organisational design, we found that most of the technical capabilities to perform the various projects is with the operating core. However, the decisions flow from top but there is considerable amount of autonomy with the operating core in view of their highly specialized and professional knowledge. This is what is in the fashion or trend in the IT industry as a whole. Also it has become internally consistent and hence selected out naturally as most sustainable in the field of IT. The Organization Design (Present) The Professional Bureaucracy Professional bureaucracy fits well for Wipro Limited as a group of organization. It is consistent with its requirement of high formalisation/standardisation and moderate to low centralisation. Wipros vertical structure divides the company into units such as Telecom Service Providers, Product Engineering Solutions, Finance Solutions, and Enterprise Solutions. These units further cater to industries such as banking, insurance, securities, and so on. Each vertical is like a self-contained business. It is like a mid-sized company even by U.S. standards, because each vertical generates about $300 million in annual revenues. Though they work under a common structure, with resources such as Finance, HR, Quality and Marketing, each vertical has people who represent these functions. So, in effect, each vertical is like a separate company. There is intention to delegate more authority and responsibility to these self-contained companies. Matrix in Functional Terms (For IT Business Only) Wipros organizational design is complex and sometimes baffles outsiders. The IT business has two organizations Wipro InfoTech and Wipro Technologies. The latter handles the global business while Wipro InfoTech serves India, West Asia and Asia Pacific. In functional terms, the company has a matrix structure with three verticals and two horizontals. The verticals are the $1.06 billion technology business (which is in the product engineering and the telecom service provider space); the $1.4 billion enterprise business (targeted at manufacturing, healthcare, retail, etc.); and the $799 million financial services business. The two horizontals are the $1.1 billion global practices business (testing, package implementation and technology infrastructure services) and the $290 million BPO (business process outsourcing) operation. Major Transformations: Radical Changes and Transformation in the Organization Structure in 2005 After Mr. Vivek Paul left the company, the then CEO, the company went through major transformation process. The reorganization, tried to bring Wipros leadership closer to the customer. In the process, there was de-layering the organization and empowering business leaders with a much higher degree of PL and growth responsibility. The reorganization also brought the mainstream of the company, which is really our global technology business, closer in alignment with the original corporate staffs, which has now become our business staff. Leadership at this level speeds things up and gets decisions made faster. It empowers people more, and it allows them to further empower those who report to them, because their jobs have suddenly become much more responsible. Future Prospects for Organisational Design and Structure The 21st Century Virtual Corporation! With more supply of products and services than there is demand, the customer is in a position to demand an ever changing array of tailored products and services. In order to be successful, businesses need to be much more client centric and far more agile and flexible than ever before. Wipro is responding to this need for radical change by taking an objective approach to the matter. By lending a patient ear to clients and analyzing dozens of outperforming companies, Wipro has realized that businesses must become far more customer centric and develop a highly flexible value chain that can sense and respond with new products and services quickly as market conditions change. The changing needs of the 21st Century Virtual Corporation demands new business designs that facilitate faster and more extensive collaboration on a global scale. Given this demand, Wipros mega alliance strategy of 360Â ° relationships is a unique differentiator. Environment The environment is the set of forces surrounding an organization that have the potential to affect the way it operates and its access to scarce resources. Wipros transaction with its environment can be analyzed based on the forces in specific and general environment. Specific Environment The specific environment consists of forces from outside stakeholder groups that directly affect an organizations ability to secure resources. Forces in specific environment, that affects Wipro and how it handles these forces, are described below. Competitors As has already been described in the section on Millers Integrative Framework, Wipro draws its competitive advantage vis-Ã  -vis the other Indian IT service providers from five specific differentiators. They are technological excellence, innovative solutions, operational excellence, global footprint with emerging market knowledge, and company culture of linking values to business performance. Customers Wipros customers remain cautious after the downturn prevalent in western economy about technology spending, with budgets flat to slightly higher as they look for transformational projects. Customers are taking a lot more time making decisions than spending. A geographic breakup of Wipros revenues from customers: Wipros US based customers decision to spend less has forced Wipro to divert its effort towards some other areas like knowledge management. The company is now more focused on building technical competencies in its work force. All its employees below band C are mandatorily required to successfully clear the assessments mapped for them in a particular appraisal year. Customers are also demanding more robust Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for their accounts operating off shore. This led Wipro to launch an organization wide BCP revamping plan. Emphasis was more on the Banking, Finance, Securities, and Insurance (BFSI) customers as they are the most vulnerable verticals of Wipro due to the inherent nature of their businesses. For Wipro, changes in customer information technology budgets year on year ranged from flat to an increase of 4%. Company is increasingly focused on technology projects that yield long-term changes in their operations, such as cloud computing, as opposed to those that merely made existing processes more efficient. Today Customers are looking for partners versus suppliers. Wipro has started a new initiative that is aimed to build better client understanding, business alignment and consultative selling in large accounts, called the Client Engagement Manager (CEM). It has already delivered incremental growth in existing accounts and the increased sales in these accounts are a sign of the success of the initiative (rolled out in 52 key accounts). Wipro plans to move beyond the market perception of a low price bidder to occupy a position that is viewed as operating in multiple models to offer assets to clients through professional service. The company is also orienting towards providing more business value for clients, consulting led account development. Wipro is also creating Customer Satisfaction Leaders. In 2009, Wipro also undertook a key initiative to strengthen the consulting and customer management skills of our frontline employees by running an academy. The Customer Leadership team of CHRD in conjunction with Enterprise Application Services (EAS) business, in its drive to create world-class consultants launched the EAS Consulting Academy. Suppliers Distributors As Wipro diversified into different sectors it has changed its distributors and suppliers as it best suited for business development. Being an old company, having its presence in India since independence, it has developed a good network of suppliers and distributors all over the country. As the time passed by, based on the need of the business, efficiency and the nexus the company has created; it went for different strategies of distributing its products like in case of its hydraulic products, Wipro has its own dedicated department which takes care of the distribution. Similarly after 2000 when it studied the use of internet and mobile in marketing and distribution sales, it started distributing its products online especially in case of products where customers prefer online transactions over retail if available like Baby care products. The network of distributors is based on the sales of products, for example in case of Santoor soap which is more sold in Southern part of the country, the distributors network is more dense here rather than in other part of the countries. In service sector as Wipro is acting as a mediator, using mediating technology, it does not have a dedicated suppliers or distributors, but it changes with the changing parties which are being served. Product Distributor SmartLite (CFL lights) Sales and Sales Lion Industry Inc Dentsply Infant hygiene products ( Baby soft soap and diapers) US2guntur.com (Online distributors) Farsons Marketing Company Personal Care Products (Santoor soap and talc) Wipro Consumers Care pvt Ltd (self organized distribution network) Hydraulic Products Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Ltd (self organized distribution network) Government Exchange Rate Falling exchange rate increases the exports and price of imports. Reducing the price of exports by decreasing the exchange rate makes them more attractive and competitive in export market. Hence demand for export increases. Same applies to It services industry as well. Hence by controlling exchange rate and appreciation for currency, government plays a role in dynamics of this industry. Outsourcing Policies President of USA Barrack Obama has proposed an anti outsourcing policy suggesting increasing the tax on the benefits gained from outsourcing the jobs from U.S. The idea is to provide lesser incentive to the companies to outsource their jobs. The policy mainly aims at creating and conserving jobs in US market but it has implications on Indian outsourcing industry as well. The policy will greatly affect the foreign companies that are operating in U.S. if this is applied it will mean that the foreign companies will have to pay heavy tax on the labour imported by them. WSJ and LA estimate a tax rate of 55% on foreign companies. That will be a setback for countries like India, which is the biggest player in outsourcing industry. A present slump in number of H1B visas taken up is also a reflection of the same. In the long term, it will hurt all the economies, since U.S investment is a big factor and reduced investment from U.S means reduced money in all the markets, especially India. But there is a high likelihood that comparative cost advantages that countries like India might still provide, would outweigh the loss incurred by the tax loss that the companies are going to face in the US. General Environment The general environment consists of forces that shape the specific environment and affect the ability of all organizations in a particular environment to obtain resources. Forces in general environment, that affects Wipro and how it handles these forces, are described below. Demographic and Cultural forces India Demographics Population:1,180,166,000 (2010 estimated) Age Structure: 0 14 years 31.1%; 15 64 years 63.6%; 65+ years 5.3% Languages: 14 official languages Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit (2001 census) Literacy Rate: 61% (2001 census) Per Capita GDP: USD 2941 (2009 estimate) Labour Force: 523.5 million (2008 estimate); 60% Agriculture, 12% Industry, 28% Services Number of colleges for general education 11549; number of colleges for professional education 4991; number of universities, deemed universities and institutes of national importance 350 (HRD Ministry, 2005-06) English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication Wipro reflects the Indian demographics. It has a young and experienced work force having average age of 24 to 25 years. 35% of the employees are having less than one year of work experience in Wipro. Average tenure of top 100 managers in Wipro is 11 years. Its workforce comprises of 66% of university graduates. 28% of employees are having master degree. Technology The study of effect of changing technological factors in the general and specific environment of Wipro led to the following analysis: Identification of Wipro technology on the basis of various theories proposed to understand the relation between technology and the structure of organization is given below, but due to the conglomerate nature of Wipro different businesses are analyzed separately to avoid any kind of confusion: Theory Infotech Technology Consumers and lighting Infrastructure Engineering Medical System Woodward Process Process Mass Mass Process Perrow Engineering Engineering Routine Routine Routine Thompson Mediating Long-Linked Long-Linked Long-Linked Long-Linked Future Technologies Technology Adaptive strategy/Structure Development of LED technology for domestic lighting As it is already in the domestic lighting sector, Wipro can definitely take advantage of this technical development by taking the first mover advantage, by being the first company to introduce LED based lights in India. Use or development of Mobile-phone based supply chain Would support in reducing the investment in IT, especially in distribution sector Virtualization software technology for reducing the power consumption Since Wipro is trying to produce environment friendly products, it would be a landmark effort if it introduces the virtualization software technology which combines various different machines into single virtual machine running on a single powerful base system. Political Forces In the near future, the Central IT spending is projected to grow positively. A positive overall growth in the macroeconomic environment of India projects an increase in the central IT spending. For instance, central IT spending is expected to reach about $75.5 billion in 2010. This total spending will consist of civilian agencies accounting for $41.5 billion and the defense department for $34 billion on IT goods and services. Indian political structure seems to be stable for IT industry but due to lack of clear majority in the parliament, fears of hung parliament are created leading to the change of consumer psychology in relation to investing and thereby reducing the capital for IT industry. The decision of Indian government to contract IT job to Indian IT companies will create more opportunities for the IT companies and the IT industry at large. With the growth of offshore outsourcing receiving increasing political and media attention there have been concerted efforts to enact new legislation to restrict offshore outsourcing or impose disincentives on companies which have been outsourcing. This may adversely impact Wipros ability to do business in these jurisdictions and c

Arguing the Existence of God from Religious Experience

Analyse the argument for the existence of God from religious experience â€Å"A religious experience offers a sense of the ultimate and an awareness of wholeness, a consciousness of the infinite and an absolute dependence. † Edward Schleiermacher. Religious experience has been a contentious subject for philosophers of religion in trying to actually define what a religious experience is, along with psychologists and religious believers. Otto, James, Hardy and Schleiermacher are among many people who have tried to define a religious experience and there basic understanding is it is an encounter with the divine.It is non-empirical, a personal occurrence that brings with it an awareness of something beyond ourselves. Those who have had such an experience count it as the ultimate proof of the existence of God. It is difficult to find a common theme with religious experiences due to the variety but you can divide them into two basic groups; a direct experience and an indirect experi ence. Testimonies of the occurrence of religious experiences can be found throughout human history, but do they prove that humanity has a link with God if they are true and if they are false, why are we so ready to believe them?Every testimony of a religious experience is unique and most occur to individuals in private but others are ‘corporate’ experiences, when large numbers of people share in the same experience. Despite the testimony of believers there is a vast range of alternative explanations for such events which means it is impossible to arrive at a definite understanding of religious experience and to verify or falsify whether such events occur. The argument from religious experience is an inductive argument.Those who believe that religious experiences are proof of Gods existence usually argue inductively and look at the subjective testimonies of individuals to draw similar conclusions from their experiences that can only be explained in terms of the existence of God. Thus Richard Swinburne in ‘Is there a God? ’ argues inductively that it is reasonable to believe that God is loving and personal and would seek to reveal himself to humanity as an act of love to enable people to bring about good; â€Å"An omnipotent and perfectly good creator will seek to interact with his creatures and, in particular, with human persons capable of knowing him. Swinburne suggests that religious experiences can be felt empirically and interpreted non-empirically through our ‘religious sense. ’ Thus, if someone has a religious experience, we should believe the experience has taken place, even if their experience differs from others. In analyse of the inductive argument, it is strong as there is evidence that after the experience the experient is changed forever. Moreover some of the greatest events in history have resulted from people having religious experiences, such as Paul’s conversion after seeing a vision of Christ and was instrumented into spreading Christianity around the world.Nevertheless, the continued problem remains that the conclusion is only the best answer that appears probable on the basis of the evidence offered. The conclusion depends on an accurate interpretation of the evidence which may be influenced by the beliefs of the experient or the person interpreting the experience. The cumulative argument for religious experience is based on the view that if you take all the arguments about religious experience together, then they are more convincing than one argument alone.If all the testimonies to religious experiences are taken into account, then this would certainly add weight to religious experience as proof of the existence of God. Swinburne concludes his work with the cumulative argument and believes that when the arguments are considered in isolation of the others they don’t prove God, but put together, they make an overwhelming argument which cannot be denied in the grand s cales of Atheism Vs Theism. But it has been argued the theory is logically and mathematically flawed as taking many low probabilities and adding does not make on more probable argument – in fact the opposite.You should be multiplying the weak arguments to get a very weak argument. Richard Swinburne believed that unless we have good reason to think that someone is not telling the truth we should work on the principle that what they say is the case, these are his ‘principles of testimony and credulity’. Under his principle of testimony, he argues unless we have evidence to the contrary we should believe what people say when they claim to have had a religious experience: â€Å"In the absence of special considerations, the experiences of others are as they report. Furthermore Swinburne created the principle of credulity that holds the belief that unless we have overwhelming evidence to the contrary, we should believe that things are as they seem to be. In ‘The Existence of God’ he wrote; â€Å"How things seem to be is a good guide to how things are.. † Therefore in his view, religious experiences provide a convincing proof for the existence of God. In support if Swinburne’s position, empirical research undertaken in recent years has indicated that as many as 40% of people have at some time in their lives had an experience that could be classified as religious.Furthermore in 1969, the Religious Experience Research Unit in Oxford surveyed people by asking them the question: ‘Have you at any time in your life had an experience of something completely different form your normal life, whether or not you would describe it as God? ’ Many responded positively, saying it was the first time they had told anyone about their experience but it had been one of the most important moments of their lives.However one difficulty Steven Law highlights in his book ‘The Puzzle of Ethics’ is taking such ‘rev elatory’ experiences at face value is not restricted to one faith. He wrote, â€Å"Catholics see the Virgin Mary. Hindus witness Vishnu.. the fact that people have so many bizarre and often contradictory experiences.. ought to lead someone who claims to have had a ‘revelation’ to treat their experience with caution. † Law calls for experients to question their experience and for atheists to remain sceptic, as the experient could easily have mistaken their experience.The argument from religious experience is a posterior which means that it is based on experience, and if the experience is reliable it may lead to reliable conclusions. Many theists believe in order for a belief in God to be rational, they don’t need to back up their experience with proof as God’s existence was directly revealed to them through a personal experience of God. Those who have experienced may have done so but the evidence doesn’t strongly support that conclusion for non-religious believers.

Biographical Interpretation Works In Relation Essay

Many literary works come across as hard for explanation, it’s been a problem since literature has been a main stay in society. Over time many styles of interpretation have been both approached and adapted by readers and critics alike. One of the most popular is the biographical interpretation. This is when a reader makes use of details regarding the life, times and works of an author as a means of solving interpretive problems. The biographical interpretation is a very good way to get inside the readers head because the past, and your past experiences are what shape your mind as it matures over time, even the smallest experience can make a decent sized impact on one’s thought process. Mark Twain is a good example of an author that has been analyzed, possibly even over analyzed. By every angle he has been looked at, most notably for his works on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. If you were to read his book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn without taking a look at any biographical pieces about Mark Twain you would undoubtedly not get as much out of the novel as you would in contrast, if you were to read the biography. To prove the point the help of the semi-biographical essay The Life of Samuel Clemens and the Reception of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn will be called upon throughout the essay. At the beginning of the biographical essay there is an excellent explanation of the personal side of Twain â€Å"the only clear picture is that Twain was a man of paradox† (pg. 19). The reason this excerpt fits the topic of biographical interpretation is because one key word within that quote, that key word being paradox. A paradox is a statement that seems contrary to common sense and yet is perhaps true. With The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn being the novel that we are taking a look at in contrast to the biographical side of Mark Twain this word, paradox, fits perfectly since there are paradoxes running throughout the novel. A good example of a paradox in the novel is from the mouth of Huck Finn himself: When it was dark I set by my campfire smoking, and feeling pretty satisfied; but by-and-by it got sort of lonesome, and so I went and set on the bank†¦ and counted the stars and drift-logs and rafts that come down, and then went to bed; there ain’t no better wa y to put in time when you are lonesome; you  can’t stay so, you soon get over it. (Pg. 62) The paradox that has been spoken by Huckleberry is that depression and lonesomeness can be slept away. Which when first heard can be looked over and seen as straight out nonsense. However if it is thought about closely most people that are depressed can be get a quick fix from what makes them depressed by sleeping through it as much as they can, sort of like sleep and relaxation was the drug of it’s time. It may sound inconceivable now, but in the era that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was penned the idea of sleeping, or rather lounging around for days was not that inconceivable because they did not live the busy lifestyle in which we live in current time. This is just one of many paradoxes throughout the book that reflect the author in a great way due to the fact that he was known as a living paradox because of the way he lived his life. For a man that made money out of writing about adventures of rafting down the Mississippi and barely getting by money wise seem so interesting. But grew up living in Connecticut for a good amount of time in his life and also seeking to be filthy rich, and have no worries is most likely the biggest paradox of his life. Another way that the book of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can be looked at from a biographical perspective and make sense is the fact that the main characters in the novel have a very similar background as to which they grew up in. In a paragraph written by an African American professor of eastern studies and a writer of African-American folktales and poetry. A man by the name of Julius Lester speaks of the relationship between Huck, Tom, and Mark Twain himself in a very unique manner. Just after he speaks of how he does not recollect ever reading the writings of Mark Twain, but then says something to the effect of what American child hasn’t read the tales of Huck and Tom so maybe he has, but the literature was not that significant to his life. What Lester has to say is something that most people taking the biographical interpretation approach should use as an approach to all authors in relation to the characters they write of: I do have an emotional memory of going to H annibal, Missouri with my parents when I was eight or nine, and visiting the two-story frame house where Mark Twain lived as a boy-where Huck and Tom lived as boys. (Pg. 341, Morality and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) This is a great comment because when you take a novel and  try and put a biographical interpretation onto that novel you need to take a very close look at the characters and their relation to the author. That is the mainstay of the biographical interpretation, how the characters are at all a parallel to the author. With Mark Twain himself growing up for part of his life on the Mississippi it gave him great knowledge of what he was talking about, and it gave him the roots of the characters that are now notable American icons. Him having the knowledge of the Mississippi, and of southern life in America at that time influenced the characters and the novel infinitely. Whether it is a satirical look at the way American life was at that time is a whole different essay. With all of this in mind it can be said that he sure lived the life of Huck and Tom whether it be on a lower level, or a parallel these characters and Mark Twain are one in the same. These are only a few examples of how the biographical interpretation of a novel is a very reliable approach to analyzing literature as long as you know that the biographical information is accurate. Doing this will also make the novel much more enjoyable because if you read the biographical essay, paragraph, novel, etc. Then you will be able to go along the book and be able to not look down upon the book, but look more for the reason that that author had said what he said, and what he really meant by it. It is about looking from the inside and looking out at the novel for the reasons behind what was said, instead of looking into the novel for the reasons to not read the book altogether